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September11shouldhavedrivenhomeabasicles
September 11 should have driven home a basic lesson for theBush administration about life in an interconnected world: misery abroad threatens security at home. It is no coincidence that OsamaBin Laden found warm hospitality in the Taliban’sAfghanistan, whose citizens were among the most impoverished and oppressed on earth. If the administration took this lesson seriously, it would dump the rules of realpolitik that have governed U.S. foreign aid policy for 50 years. Instead, it is pouring money into an ally of convenience, Pakistan, which is ultimately likely to expand the ranks of anti-American terrorists abroaD、
To enlist Pakistan in the fight against the Taliban, theBush administration resurrected theCold War tradition of propping up despotic military regimes in the name of peace and freedom. Its commitment of billions of dollars to Pakistan since September 11 will further entrench the sort of government that has made Pakistan both a development failure and a geopolitical hotspot for decades. Within Pakistan, the aid may ultimately create enough angry young men to make upA1 Qaeda’s losses inAfghanistan. In SouthAsia as a whole, the cash infusion may accelerate a dangerous arms race with Indi
A、
Historically, the U.S. government has cloaked aid to allies such as Pakistan in the rhetoric of economic development.As aCold War ally, Pakistan received some $ 37 billion in grants and loans from the West between 1960 and 1990, adjusting for inflation.And since September 11, the U.S. administration has promised more of the’ same. It has dropped sanctions imposed after Pakistan detonated a nuclear bomb in 1998, pushed through a $1.3 billion IMF loan for Pakistan, and called for another $2 billion from the WorldBank and theAsianDevelopmentBank. TheBush administration is also, ironically, pressing allies to join it in canceling or rescheduling billions of dollars of old (and failed) loans that were granted in past decades in response to similar arm-twisting.
Despite--even because of--all this aid, Pakistan is now one of the most indebted, impoverished, militarized nations on earth. The causes of Pakistan’s poverty are sadly familiar. The government ignored family planning, leading to population expansion from 50 million in 1960 to nearly 150 million today, for an average growth rate of 2.6 percent a year. Foreign aid meant to pave rural roads went into unneeded city highways--or pockets of top officials.And the military grew large, goaded by a regional rivalry with India that has three times bubbled into war. The result is a government that, as former WorldBank economist WilliamEasterly has observed, "cannot bring off a simple and cheap measles (麻疹) vaccination (预防接种) program, and yet...can build nuclear weapons.\
All of the following can be learned from the passageEXCEPT ______.

A、realpolitik has a long history in U.S. foreign aid policy
B、in theCold War, the U.S. supported some military regimes inAsia
C、the Pakistan government has intensified the tension in SouthAsia
D、the Pakistan government won’t spend foreign aid on developing nuclear weapons in future
HenricIbsen,authoroftheplay"ADoll’sHouse

Henric Ibsen, author of the play "A、Doll’s House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approveD、From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences—which could include being dissolveD、
Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female, according to theCentre forCorporateDiversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies acrossEurope orAmerica’s 15% for the Fortune 500. Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. "I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience," he says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.
Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates.Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts" . One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies—they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with enough experience.
Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway’s chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."
The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to ______.A．depict women’s dilemma at work
B．explain the newly passed law
C．support Norwegian government
D．introduce the topic under discussion
Theinventionofbothlabor-savingtoolsandto
The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength.
(30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、
A、convenientB、sophisticatedC、elaborate D、comprehensive
Oneofthequestionsthatiscomingintofocusas
One of the questions that is coming into focus as we face growing scarcity of resources of many kinds in the world is how to divide limited resources among countries. In the international development community, the conventional wisdom has been that the 2 billion people living in poor countries could never expect to reach the standard of living that most of us in NorthAmerica enjoy, simply because the world does not contain enough iron ore, protein, petroleum, and so on.At the same time, we in the United States have continued to pursue super affluence as though there were no limits on how much we could consume. We make up 6 percent of the world’s people; yet we consume one-third of the world’s resources.
As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter.But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some say over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources.
AsAmericans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world’s resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine’ the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumeD、If you have only one crust of bread and get another crust of bread, your well-being is greatly enhanceD、But if you have a loaf of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn’t make that much difference. In the eyes of most of the world today,Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we’re going to have to answer, whether we’re trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch.
The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world’s resources requires that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the worlD、It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them.
What is the conclusion of this passage

A、The United States will be isolated if it does not stop pursuing super affluence.
B、The poor countries will no longer supply the United States with their goods.
C、The United States should care about the well-being of other countries.
D、It is time for theAmericans to help the people in poor countries to improve their living standards.
TheAfricans’interestistoguardpreferentia
TheAfricans’ interest is to guard preferential export rules enshrined in the temporaryAfrican Growth and OpportunityAct, passed byCongress in 2,000. Tariff-free exports of some 6,000 goods fromAfrica to the United States are boosting trade and investment in southernAfric
A、Lesotho’s fast-growing textile industry depends almost entirely onChinese investment in factories to make clothes for sale in the United States. The region also wants more access toAmerica’s markets for fruit, beef and other agricultural goods.
American interest lies mainly in SouthAfrica, by far the largest economy in the region. Services account for 60% of its GDP, and it increasingly dominates the rest ofAfrica in banking, information technology, telecom, retail’ and other areas. Just asBritish banks, such asBarclays, have moved theirAfrican headquarters to SouthAfrica over the past year,American investors see the country as a platform to the rest of the continent.
Agreeing investment rules and resolving differences on intellectual property rights are the most urgent issues.American drug firms want to be part of the fast expansion in SouthAfrica of production of anti-retroviral drugs, used againstAIDS.By 2007 SouthAfrica alone expects 1.2m patients to take the drugs daily. The country might be the world’s biggest exporter of anti-AIDS drugs within a few years. Striking a bilateral deal now should makeAmerican investments easier.
But Mr. Zoellick’s greater concern is for multilateral trade talks that stalled inCancun, Mexico, in September.AlecErwin, his SouthAfrican counterpart, helped to organize the G20 group of poor and middle-income countries that opposed jointAmerican-EU proposals there; he is widely tipped to take over as head of the World Trade Organization late next year, and would be a useful ally.
So Mr. Zoellick is trying to charm hisAfrican partner by agreeing to drop support for most of a group of issues (known as "Singapore" issues) that jammed up the talks atCancun, and were opposed by poor countries; he says he also favors abolishing export subsidies inAmerica--though only if Japan and theEU agree to do the same. That would pleaseAfrican exporters who say such subsidies destroy markets for their goods.
Mr. Zoellick’s efforts to make more friends may be paying off.Even thoughAmerica has treatedAfrica very shabbily on trade in the past, Mr.Erwin hints it is easier doing business withAmerica than withEurope or Japan.
A、small sign, but perhaps a telling one.
British banks move their headquarters to SouthAfrica because ______.

A、SouthAfrica is a safer country compared with others inAfrica
B、SouthAfrica is gradually becoming a financial center inAfrica
C、SouthAfrica offers preferential banking terms to foreign banks
D、SouthAfrica is a platform inAfrica for theAmerican investors
如图所示，⊙O直径AB=10cm，C是AB弧的中点，ABD是以AB为半径的扇形，
如图所示，⊙O直径AB=10 cm，C是AB弧的中点，ABD是以AB为半径的扇形，则图中阴影部分的面积是()cm²．
国会现正在讨论一项议案，赋予医生把海洛因当做止痛药开给绝症病人的自由。国会应该驳
国会现正在讨论一项议案，赋予医生把海洛因当做止痛药开给绝症病人的自由。国会应该驳回这项议案因为存在这样一个严重的危险，海洛因可能被偷并被弄到大街上贩卖。下面哪一事实最有力地削弱了上述观点 A．绝症患者有其他的镇痛方法，而且在大多数情况下效果并不比海洛因差。 B．海洛因容易上瘾这一点不足为患，因为定时服用的病人都身患绝症。 C．绝症患者需要的海洛因的数量与非法贩卖的海洛因的数量相比，微乎其微。 D．非法贩卖的海洛冈质量和纯度差别很大，因缺乏适当的测量方法，很容易因过量服用而致命。 E．在过去的五年中，因过量服用海洛因而致死的人数有轻微减少，但因过量服用毒品而致死的总人数却大大增加了，因为可卡因的使用量增加了。
NewYorkerswatchingthetelevisedbombingofB
New Yorkers watching the televised bombing ofBaghdad yesterday said they were riveted by the raw and (1) display ofAmerican military might.But (2) , the bombing brought back particularly visceral and (3) memories. They (4) thinking about Sept. 11, and how New York, too, was once under assault (5) .
On that day,Eva Temple, 47, was one of (6) people working in Lower Manhattan who (7) the rumbling dust cloud that accompanied (8) of the World TradeCenter.And for (9) a few days after, she collected prayer cards (10) the street prophets and doomsday preachers whose advice she would ordinarily (11) . It made her feel better.
Now, because of the war, Ms. Temple is collecting those cards again. She (12) to the war, yes, but (13) , she is frightened, and (14) New York will once again become a target.
Yesterday, as bombs rained on a city 6,000 miles from New York, politicians and law enforcement officials (15) to prevent terrorism at home, much like the (16) they had taken immediately after Sept. 11.
Security officials searching checked baggage at theAmericanAirlines Terminal at La GuardiaAirport found a gas mask and white powder in a suitcase belonging to a woman who (17) from Israel, raising concerns that the powder (18) a chemical or biological agent, officials saiD、
(19) tests on the powder indicated that it contained anthrax spores, but later tests found that it did not, officials saiD、
In the interim, officials closed part of the terminal near the ticketing area, but the woman (20) a flight forDallas. When she landed, she was questioned by the F.B、I. and released, officials saiD、
A、the leastB、the mostC、at least D、at last
Whetheryouthinkthehumanstorybeginsinagar
Whether you think the human story begins in a garden in Mesopotamia known asEden, or in present-day eastAfrica, it is clear that human beings did not start life as an urban creature. Man’s habitat at the outset was dominated by the need to find food, and hunting and gathering were rural pursuits. Not until around 11,000 years ago, did he start building anything that might be called a village. It took another 6000 years for cities of more than 100,000 people to develop.
In terms of human history this may seem a welcome development. It would be questionable to say that nothing of consequence has ever come out of the countryside. The wheel was presumably a rural invention.Even city-dwellers need bread as well as circuses.And ifDr. Johnson and Shelley were right to say that poets are the true legislators of mankind, then all those hills and lakes and other rural delights must be given credit for inspiring them.
But the rural contribution to human progress seems slight compared with the urban one.Cities’ development is synonymous with human development. The first villages came with the emergence of agriculture and the domestication of animals: people no longer had to wander but could instead draw together in settlements, allowing some to develop particular skills.After a while the farmers could produce surpluses, and the various products could be exchangeD、
Living together meant security.But people also drew together for the practical advantages of being in a particular place: by a river or spring, on a defensible hill or peninsula, next to an estuary (the mouth of a river) or other source of fooD、Also important, argue historians, was a settlement’s capacity to draw people to it as a meeting-place, often for sacred or spiritual purposes. Graves, groves, even caves might become places for ceremonies and rituals. Man did not live by bread alone.
But bread, in the broadest sense, was important. People came to cities not just to worship but to trade and the goods they bought and sold were not just farm products but the manufactures of urban craftsmen and skilled workers. The city became a centre of exchange, both of goods and of ideas, and so it also became a centre of learning, and innovation.
Cities were much more than all of this, of course, and they were not all the same.As they developed, some were most notable for their religious role, as the hub of an empire, as centres of administration, political development, learning, or commerce. Some flourished, some died, their longevity depending on factors as varied as conquest, plague, misgovernment or economic collapse.
By saying "Man did not live by bread alone" (Line 6, Paragraph 4), the author means______.
[A] people needed to eat a variety of food
[B] men often lived beside food sources
[C] men ought to live a more noble life
[D] besides food, there were other pursuits for men
Theinventionofbothlabor-savingtoolsandto
The invention of both labor-saving tools and tools of intelligence is rarely accidental. Instead, it is usually the product of human need; (21) is truly the mother of invention. People usually devise tools to (22) for natural deficiencies. For example, people invented weapons to defend (23) from physically superior (24) .But (25) is only one incentive for inventions. People also invent (26) tools to (27) certain established tasks more efficiently. For instance, people developed the bow and arrow from the (28) spear or javelin in order to shoot (29) and strike with greater strength.
(30) civilizations developed, greater work efficiency came to be demanded, and (31) tools became more (32) .A、tool would (33) a function until it proved (34) in meeting human needs, at which point an improvement would be made. One impetus for invention has always been the (35) for speed and high-quality results--provided they are achieved (36) reasonable costs. Stone pebbles were sufficient to account for small quantities of possessions, (37) they were not efficient enough for performing sophisticated mathematics. However, beads arranged systematically evolved into the abacus. The (38) of this tool can be (39) to the development of commerce in theEast around 3000B、C、, and the abacus is known (40) by the ancientBabylonians,Egyptians,Chinese, etC、
A、originsB、devices C、sources D、evidences