Reading2"LookingatTheatreHistory"→Oneoft
Reading 2 "Looking at Theatre History"
→ One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art.
Serious on-site excavations began in Greece around 1870, but W.D
rpfeld did not begin the first extensive study of the Theatre ofDionysus until 1886. 
Since that time, more than 167 other Greek theatres have been identified and many of them have been excavateD、[] Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the precise appearance of the skene (illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later periods became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattereD、
That most of the buildings were remodeled many times has created great problems for those seeking to date both the parts and the successive versions.Despite these drawbacks, archeology provides the most concrete evidence we have about the theatre structures of ancient Greece.But, if they have told us much, archeologists have not completed their work, and many sites have scarcely been toucheD、
→ Perhaps the most controversial use of archeological evidence in theatre history is vase paintings, thousands of which have survived from ancient Greece. (Most of those used by theatre scholars are reproduced in MargareteBieber’s The History of the Greek and Roman Theatre.)Depicting scenes from mythology and daily life, the vases are the most graphic pictorial evidence we have.But they are also easy to misinterpret. Some scholars have considered any vase that depicts a subject treated in a surviving drama or any scene showing masks, flute players, or ceremonials to be valid evidence of theatrical practice. This is a highly questionable assumption, since the Greeks made widespread use of masks, dances, and music outside the theatre and since the myths on which dramatists drew were known to everyone, including vase painters, who might well depict the same subjects as dramatists without being indebted to them. Those vases showing scenes unquestionably theatrical are few in number.
→ Written evidence about ancient Greek theatre is often treated as less reliable than archeological evidence because most written accounts are separated so far in time from the events they describe and because they provide no information about their own sources. Of the written evidence, the surviving plays are usually treated as the most reliable.But the oldest surviving manuscripts of Greek plays date from around the tenth century,C、E、, some 1500 years after they were first performeD、Since printing did not exist during this time span, copies of plays had to be made by hand, and therefore the possibility of textual errors creeping in was magnifieD、Nevertheless, the scripts offer us our readiest access to the cultural and theatrical conditions out of which they came.But these scripts, like other kinds of evidence, are subject to varying interpretations.Certainly performances embodied a male perspective, for example, since the plays were written, selected, staged, and acted by men. Yet the existing plays feature numerous choruses of women and many feature strong female characters.Because these characters often seem victims of their own powerlessness and appear to be governed, especially in the comedies, by sexual desire, some critics have seen these plays as rationalizations by the male-dominated culture for keeping women segregated and cloistereD、Other critics, however, have seen"Whatisthedifference""thisfurnitureisdif
"What is the difference ""this furniture is different from______ ".
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B．your
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Glaciers are large masses of ice on land that show evidence of past or present movement. They grow by the gradual transformation of snow into glacier ice.
A、fresh snowfall is a fluffy mass of loosely packed snowflakes, small delicate ice constals grown in the atmosphere.As the snow ages on the ground for weeks or months,(5) the crystals shrink and become more compact, and the whole mass becomes squeezed together into a more dense form, granular snow.As new snow falls and buries the older snow, the layers of granular snow further compact to form firm, a much denser kind of snow, usually a year or more old, which has little pore space. Further burial and slow cementation―a process by which crystals become bound together in a mosaic of(10)intergrown ice crystals―finally produce solid glacial ice. In this process of recrystallization, the growth of new crystals at the expense of old ones, the percentage of air is reduced from about 90 percent for snowflakes to less than 20 percent for glacier ice. The whole process may take as little as a few years, but more likely ten or twenty years or longer. The snow is usually many meters deep by the time the lower layers art convened(15)into ice. In cold glaciers those formed in the coldest regions of theEarth, the entire mass of ice is at temperatures below the melting point and no free water exists. In temperate glaciers, the ice is at the melting point at every pressure level within the glacier, and free water is present as small drops or as larger accumulations in tunnels within or beneath the ice.(20)Formation of a glacier is complete when ice has accumulated to a thickness (and thus weight) sufficient to make it move slowly under pressure, in much the same way that solid rock deep within theEarth can change shape without breaking. Once that point is reached, the ice flows downhill, either as a tongue of ice filling a valley or as thick ice cap that flows out in directions from the highest central area where the most snow accumulates. The up down leads to the eventual melting of ice.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that a glacier
A、can revert to a fluffy mass
B．maintains the same shape through out the glacial process
C．is too cold to be thoroughly studied
D．can contribute water to lakes, rivers, or oceansManipulationofthespinalcolumn,massage,an
Manipulation of the spinal column, massage, and dietary adjustments ______ used in chiropractic therapy.A．(the principal methods are
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A、She admires Steve’s relationship with his father.
B、She does not know Steve or his father.
C、Her daughter is older than Steve.
D、She disagrees with the man.A．DetailedmapsfrompreviousstudiesB．Recen
A、Detailed maps from previous studies
B．Recent advances in technology.
C．Plenty of funding for the study
D．Experience carrying heavy loads up mountainsA．Shesawanailintheman’’stire.B．Themansho
A、She saw a nail in the man’’s tire.
B．The man shouldn’’t drive on the tire.
C．The man may not need a new tire.
D．She also needs air in her tires.A．Shereadonlyhalfofthebook.B．Themanshoul
A、She read only half of the book.
B．The man should choose a different book to read
C．The man will enjoy the book eventually. enter.
D．The main characters in the hook aren’’t interesting.Duringthe1850’’,reformmovements_____temp
During the 1850’’, reform movements _____temperance and the abolition of slavery gained strength in the United States.
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B．they had advocated
C．to advocating
D．to advocate when讨论旅行要改地点问题:女的要greattrip去xxx.有个waterfall还
讨论旅行要改地点问题:女的要great trip去xxx.有个waterfall 还有个 natural museum.去哪个...Whatdoestheprofessoractuallymeanwhenhesa
What does the professor actually mean when he says this
A、The old are physically less healthy.
B、The young are mentally stronger.
C、The old are as strong as the young.
D、The young are stronger mentally and physically.A．Calculatethenumberofcaloriesinthecake.
A、Calculate the number of calories in the cake.
B．Celebrate his birthday some other time.
C．Save a piece of cake for later.
D．Have some cake with the woman.InfluenzaandVaccinesThereisnospecificcur
Influenza and Vaccines
There is no specific cure for influenzA、Recommended treatment usually consists of bed rest and increased intake of nonalcoholic fluids until fever and other symptoms lessen in severity.Certain drugs have been found effective in lessening flu symptoms, but medical efforts aimed against the disease focus chiefly on prevention by means of vaccines that create immunity.
No drugs can cure influenza, but certain antiviral medicines can relieve flu symptoms.Available by prescription, these drugs provide modest relief, but only if taken on the first or second day of symptoms. The drugs amantadine (sold under the brand name Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine., both in pill form, work against hemagglutinin and are effective in treating typeA、influenzA、Two other drugs inhibit neuraminidase and are effective against both typeA、and typeB、strains: oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is in pill form and zanamivir (RelenzA、is an inhalant.
A、flu vaccine consists of greatly weakened or dead flu viruses, or fragments of dead viruses.Antigens in the vaccine stimulate the patient’s immune system to produce antibodies against the viruses. If the flu viruses invade a vaccinated person at a later time, the sensitized immune system recognizes the antigens, produces the antibodies and quickly responds to help destroy them.
About 5 to 10 percent of people who receive a flu vaccine experience mild, temporary side effects, typically soreness at the injection site. Young children who have not previously been exposed to the influenza virus are most likely to experience side effects.
Flu viruses constantly change so different virus strains must be incorporated in vaccines from one year to the next. Scientists try to provide a good match between the vaccine and the most serious virus strains circulating at the time.But because it takes months to manufacture and distribute vaccines, decisions on their composition must be made well before the start of each flu season.Each February experts at the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend a vaccine composition to be used for the forthcoming winter in the Northern Hemisphere; a second recommendation is made in September for vaccines to be used in the Southern Hemisphere. Typically vaccines contain antigens from three virus strains, usually two strains from typeA、and one strain from typeB、
According to theCDC, the success of flu vaccines varies from one person to another. In healthy young adults, the vaccines are 70 to 90 percent effective in preventing the disease. In the elderly and people with certain chronic medical conditions, the vaccines are less effective in preventing illness but help reduce the severity of an infection and the risk of major complications or death. Studies show that flu vaccines reduce flu-related hospitalization by about 70 percent and flu-related deaths by about 85 percent among elderly people.
TheCDC、recommends annual flu shots for people who are at high risk for developing serious complications as a result of an influenza infection.A、[■]This group includes all people aged 65 and older; people in nursing homes and other facilities that house people with chronic medical conditions; people with chronic heart, lung or kidney disease, diabetes, an impaired immune system, or severe forms of anemia; children and adolescents with conditions treated for long periods of time with aspirin (which makes them vulnerable to Reye’s syndrome. ; and women who will be in the second or third trimester of pregnancy during the influenza season.B、[■] Some doctors encourage individuals who travel to areas of the world where influenza viruses circulate to receive the most current vaccine.C、[■] Vaccination taken earlier can better protect the travellers from being infected by influenza in the epidemic areasD、[■] vaccination is more urgently needed particularly if they arACaterpillarschewingonitsleavesBWaspslay
A、Caterpillars chewing on its leaves
B、Wasps laying eggs on its leavesC、Pesticides sprayed on its leavesD、Knives cutting its stalkDiamondisthehardestknownsubstance,sodiam
Diamond is the hardest known substance, so diamond can be cut only by another diamonds.EricCarleEricCarleisacclaimedandbeloveda
EricCarle
EricCarle is acclaimed and beloved as the creator of brilliantly illustrated and innovatively designed picture books for very young children.Carle’s books utilize bold color and innovative techniques to try and stimulate a child’s imagination in order to facilitate the child’s transition from home to school. The Very Hungry Caterpillar, for example, is designed with scalloped holes through the pages to demonstrate how a caterpillar eats through different materials. This book has eaten its way into the hearts of literally millions of children all over the world and has been translated into more than 30 languages and sold over 22 million copies. Since the Caterpillar was published in 1969,ErieCarle has illustrated more than seventy books, many best sellers, most of which he also wrote, and more than 71 million copies of his books have sold around the worlD、
Born in Syracuse, New York, in 1929,EricCarle moved with his parents to Germany when he was six years old; he was educated there, and graduated from the prestigious art school, theAkademie derBildenden Kunste, in Stuttgart.
But his dream was always to return toAmerica, the land of his happiest childhood memories. So, in 1952, with a fine portfolio in hand and forty dollars in his pocket, he arrived in New York.
Later, he was the art director of an advertising agency for many years.
One day, respected educator and author,Bill Martin Jr., called to askCarle to illustrate a story he had written. Martin’s eye had been caught by a striking picture of a red lobster that carle had created for an advertisement. BrownBear,BrownBear, WhatDo You See was the result of their collaboration. It is still a favorite with children everywhere. This was the beginning ofEricCarle’s true career. SoonCarle was writing his own stories, too. His first wholly original book was 1, 2, 3 to the Zoo, followed soon afterward by the celebrated classic, The Very HungrgCaterpillar.
EricCarle’s art is distinctive and instantly recognizable. His art work is created in collage technique, using hand-painted papers, which he cuts and layers to form bright, and cheerful images. Many of his books have an added dimension-die-cut pages, twinkling lights as in The Very Lonely Firefly, even the lifelike sound of a cricket’s song as in The Very QuietCricket-- giving them a playful quality: a toy that can be read, a book that can be toucheD、Children also enjoy working in collage and many send him pictures they have made themselves, inspired by his illustrations. He receives hundreds of letters each week from his young admirers. The secret ofEricCarle’s books’ appeal lies in his intuitive understanding of and respect for children, who sense in him instinctively someone who shares their most cherished thoughts and emotions.
The themes of his stories are usually drawn from his extensive knowledge and love of nature and interest shared by most small children.Besides being beautiful and entertaining, his books always offer the child the opportunity to learn something about the world around them. It is his concern for children, for their feelings and their inquisitiveness, for their creativity and their intellectual growth that, in addition to his beautiful artwork, makes the reading of his books such a stimulating and lasting experience.
Carle says: "With many of my books I attempt to bridge the gap between the home and school. To me home represents, or should represent; warmth, security, toys, holding hands, being helD、School is a strange and n{$mediaurl}Inthelecture,theprofessordesc
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In the lecture, the professor describes the main characteristics of white and black dwarfs. Indicate which of the following corresponds to either category of star.
Click in the correct box for each phrase.
[*]A．(Whenthey’reunabletocontroltheperson’s
A、( When they’re unable to control the person’s behavior
B、When the causes of the behavior are obvious
C、When the consequences of the behavior are unpleasant
D、When the behavior is expectedA．Sherealizestheequipmentiseasilydamaged
A、She realizes the equipment is easily damaged
B．She won’’t forget to put away the equipment
C．She always performs experiments carefully
D．She’’s worried about the results of her experimentQuestion:Brieflysummarizetheproblemandtw
Question:Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.