Man:Excuseme,Miss.DoyouknowwhereIcanfind
A:I'mexhausted.Ihadtoworkuntil2o'clockth
Toahighlyimaginativewriter,______isapado
______thatmanyofthebigtreesweredamaged.A
{{B}}PassageThree{{/B}}Arapidmeansoflong
A、rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地) spread ever farther westwarD、 The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation.By 1860 there were thousands of miles of railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and fromCalifornia eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking theAtlantic seaboard with the PacifiC、The Government helped the railroads generously with money and lanD、Actual work on this project began four years later. TheCentral PacificCompany, starting fromCalifornia, usedChinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joys all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farming by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States. |
{{B}}PassageThree{{/B}}Threeyearsago,res
Three years ago, researchers announced the discovery of human genes that were capable of turning ordinary cells into malignant ones. The news met with some skepticism.Experts asked how a single gene could cause such a dramatic change. Why does cancer take years or even decades to develop if it is caused by such a simple and direct process In last week’s issue of the, three research teams answered those questions by setting forth a new model for understanding the role of oncogenes in cancer. Each group found that it does in fact take more than a single gene to produce cancer in normal cells. Teams at M. I. T andCold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, N. Y. , reported that they could induce cancer in normal rat cells only by inserting at least two types of oncogene into the cells. "A、single oncogene produced some changes, but not cancer," explained molecular biologist Robert Weinberg of MIT. It took two genes acting cooperatively to produce a tumor. In other cases, it might take three or more. A、British team confirmed the multistep cancer scenario by showing that a particular oncogene caused a tumor in hamster cells only if they had first been exposed to a carcinogenic chemical. The chemical alone and the oncogene alone did not cause cancer, both were necessary. While the discovery has no immediate implication for treatment of cancer, it helps explain why the disease develops slowly and why its incidence rises with age. "Even if one part of the process occurs," says Weinberg, "you might not have the second step for another 20 years. " |
OneofMicrosoft’scoolpeopleisPatrickBlack
A.genuinelyB.obviouslyC.presumablyD.freq
Manufacturingcompaniesspendmillionsofpou
Afterourcomputernetwork______forthethird
Wife:DidyoueatallthemuffinsHusband:_____
Schoolsecretary:Goodmorning.CanIhelpyouS
下列能最好评价肺通气功能的指标是()A.肺通气量B.肺活量C.补吸气量D.时间肺
LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasits
{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}Internetpiracyrefer
Internet piracy refers to the use of the Internet for illegally copying or distributing unauthorized software. In these cases the Internet is the medium for advertising, offering, acquiring, or distributing pirated software. TheBusiness SoftwareAlliance, a software industry trade association, estimates that there are 840 000 Internet sites selling illegal software as genuine product. Many consumers Who acquire software over the Internet never receive the programs they paid for. Others are not able to get their money back if they discover that the software they acquired is counterfeit.Disreputable Internet businesses often quickly vanish, leaving behind hundreds of dissatisfied consumers. The ease of creating a Website and then advertising and distributing software through the Internet has increased sales of pirated software passed off by seemingly legitimate businesses. Plus, the explosive growth of e-commerce, combined with anonymity (匿名) and unlimited volume, have made it even easier for criminals to sell counterfeit (伪造的) software online. Illegal online businesses often have professional-looking Internet sites that could fool even the smartest consumer.Distinguishing counterfeit software on the Internet is understandably difficult because consumers can’t visually examine the product for physical Warnings on the hard ware, or see the person from whom they’re buying. Pirated software can often contain viruses with the potential to damage both individual com puters or entire networks. Viruses can and do cause data loss, which would be devastating to most companies. When using unlicensed software, you are not eligible for technical support from the software publisher. If you have a technical issue in need of resolution, oftentimes a work stopping issue, you are out of luck. In addition, product upgrades (升级)—less expensive up grades of existing products—are not available to you. Based onBusiness SoftwareAlliance estimates, the current loss of jobs, wages, and critical investments in software and technology innovation worldwide due to piracy so far this year is estimated at: $11 326 675 282. "Software piracy continues unabated (不减弱的), robbing the industry of thousands of jobs, billions in wages, tax revenues and critical investments in new technologies," according to Robert Holleyman, president andCEO,Business SoftwareAlliance. |
Thenewlyreleasedmoviewas______astoarouse
Having no money but _ to know, he simply
Jane:HelloSally.Fancymeetingyouhere!Sall
{{B}}PassageTwo{{/B}}Intellectualpropert
Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive fight over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time. Intellectual property rights are customarily divided into two main areas: Copyright and rights related to copyright. The rights of authors literary and artistic works (such as books and other writings, musical compositions, paintings, sculpture, computer programs and films) are protected by copyright, for a minimum period of 50 years after the death of the author. Also protected through copyright and related ( sometimes referred to as "neighboring" ) rights are the rights of performers ( e.g. actors, singers, and musicians ), producers of phonograms (sound recordings ) and broadcasting organizations. The main social purpose of protection of copyright and related rights is to encourage and reward creative work. Industrial property can usefully divided into two main areas: one area can be characterized as the protection of distinctive signs, in particular trademarks (which distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings) and geographical indications ( which identify a good as originating in a place where a given characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin). The protection of such distinctive signs aims to stimulate and ensure fair competition and to protect consumers, by enabling them to make informed choices between various goods and services. The protection may last indefinitely, provided the sign in question continues to be distinctive. Other types of industrial property are protected primarily to stimulate innovation, design and the creation of technology. In this category fall inventions (protected by patents ), industrial designs and trade secrets. The social purpose is to provide protection for the results of investment in the development of new technology, thus giving the incentive and means to finance research and development activities.A、functioning intellectual property regime should also facilitate the transfer of technology in the form of foreign direct investment, joint ventures and licensing. The protection is usually given for a finite term ( typically 20 years in the case of patterns). While the basic social objectives of intellectual property protection are as outlined above, it should also be noted that the exclusive fights given are generally subject to a number of limitations and exceptions, aimed at fine-stunning the balance that has to be found between the legitimate interests of right holder and of users. |
{{B}}PassageThree{{/B}}AchainofshopsinEa
A、chain of shops inEast Yorkshire,England has been told that it would be a criminal offence to sell thousands of tubes of toothpaste made by a leading French manufacturer simply because the small print giving the firm importing it does not include the letters "UK". Under cosmetics regulations implementing 25 separateEuropean Union instructions, unless the address is London, which is "a major city", the letters UK must be addeD、The suppliers response, when Gordon Rodgers’sA2Z chain asked them to take back the toothpaste, was that this would pose no problem, because trading standards officials elsewhere inBritain do not bother about such fault-finding to a very minute detail. A2Z, which sells a range of more than 10 000 household items from its 14 discount stores in Hull andEast Yorkshire, first stumbled into these mysterious requirements of cosmetic labelling when summoned byEast Yorkshire trading standards officials on a criminal charge of selling tubes of the same brand of toothpaste, Mentadent, designed for the SouthAfrican market. These carried the name of a German distributor but no UK supplier. The council had no complaint about the toothpaste itself. It is common and legal practice for supermarkets and discount stores to buy up a wide range of branded products packaged by leadingEuropean andAmerican manufacturers for non-EU markets. These can then be sold at prices lower than those recommended for identical products inEurope, which are only more expensive becauseEU consumers can supposedly afford to pay more. Council officials were quick to point out that they support the contribution this gray economy makes to "healthy competition". The only problem was that importers’ details must be given by the regulation formulA、For a major city such as London only a postcode is necessary, but for other cities and towns the letters UK must be addeD、 WhenA2Z asked how it was expected to examine the small print on the labelling of each of 10 000 products it carries,East Yorkshire replied that it was up to the firm to improve the quality of their inspection procedures.A2Z then supplied the council three weeks running with examples of similar products carrying "illegal labelling", bought from major supermarkets in the same area, asking why these large firms were not also prosecuteD、The council said it "did not have the resources" to chase up every case of illegality, to which Mr. Rodgers responded that he "did not have the resources" to improve the quality of their inspection procedures, which the council was asking of him. Last week his firm’s case was adjourneD、 |