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A、recent report on population trend conducted by the think {{U}} (1) {{/U}} of the World watch Institute identifies signs of slowing growth in some countries. It says populations in 32 countries—all in the industrialized world—have stabilized because of declining birthrates.But in a handful of developing countries where population is slowing, the cause isn’t something to {{U}} (2) {{/U}}, because more people are dying. This trend is called "population fatigue", and it’s beginning in many of the developing countries that have experienced {{U}} (3) {{/U}} birthrates and sharp population growth for several decades. Governments in these countries are now having trouble dealing with feeding, housing and educating an increasing number of children, {{U}} (4) {{/U}} at the same time confronting the falling water {{U}} (5) {{/U}}, deforestation and soil erosion that rapid population growth brings. In these countries any new threat—infectious disease, drought or famine—can become a {{U}} (6) {{/U}} crisis. AIDS is a case {{U}} (7) {{/U}}. WHO estimates calculate that one-quarter of the adult population of Zimbabwe andBotswana are infected with theAIDS virus, {{U}} (8) {{/U}}, these countries stands to lose at least one-quarter of their labor force in the next decade fromAIDS alone, a situation {{U}} (9) {{/U}} since the yellow fever swept throughEurope in the 14’h century. Social unrest is also increasing in these countries. One example is the {{U}} (10) {{/U}} conflict between the Tutsis and the Hutus in Rwanda, where population pressures reduced cropland {{U}} (11) {{/U}} where it could no longer feed those who lived on it.Demands on the world fisheries and shared water resources are likely to spark similar conflicts.Already the waters of the Nile are so heavily used that little reaches the Mediterranean, so any increase in demand or {{U}} (12) {{/U}} in allocation will also increase tensions. The bottom line is that human population growth is {{U}} (13) {{/U}} to slow one way or the other.Developing societies will either recognize problems {{U}} (14) {{/U}} the horizon and act to encourage smaller families — or unchecked births will have their {{U}} (15) {{/U}} in rising death rates. |
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动力机械测试技术激光多普勒测速技术的原理是什么?
试述物性型传感器和结构型传感器的原理及其特点。
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Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to {{U}} (56) {{/U}} others to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can {{U}} (57) {{/U}}. But in the 19th century the mass production of goods {{U}} (58) {{/U}} the Industrial Revolution made person-to-person selling inefficient. The mass distribution of goods that {{U}} (59) {{/U}} the development of the railway and highway made person-to-person selling too slow and expensive.At the same time, mass communication, first newspapers and magazines, then radio and television, made mass selling through {{U}} (60) {{/U}} possible. The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best {{U}} (61) {{/U}} to take the action the advertiser is recommending. The action {{U}} (62) {{/U}} be to purchase a product, use a service, vote for a political candidate, or even to join theArmy. Advertising as a {{U}} (63) {{/U}} developed first and most rapidly in the United States, the country that uses it to the greatest {{U}} (64) {{/U}}. In 1980 advertising expenditure in the U.S. exceeded 55 billion dollars, or {{U}} (65) {{/U}} 2 percent of the gross national product.Canada spent about 1.2 percent of its gross national product {{U}} (66) {{/U}} advertising. {{U}} (67) {{/U}} advertising brings the economics of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer {{U}} (68) {{/U}}. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far {{U}} (69) {{/U}} than one sold through personal salespeople.Advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising {{U}} (70) {{/U}} for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost of publishing magazines and newspapers. |
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Inrecentyearsanewfarmingrevolutionhasbeg
In recent years a new farming revolution has begun, one that involves the {{U}} (61) {{/U}} of life at a fundamental level--the gene. The study of genetics has {{U}} (62) {{/U}} a new industry called biotechnology.As the name suggests, It {{U}} (63) {{/U}} biology and modern technology through such techniques as genetic engineering. Some of the new biotech companies specialize in agriculture and are working feverishly to {{U}} (64) {{/U}} seeds that give a high yield, that {{U}} (65) {{/U}} diseases, drought and frost, and that reduce the need for {{U}} (66) {{/U}} chemicals. If such goals could be achieved, it would be most {{U}} (67) {{/U}}.But some have raised concerns about genetically engineered crops. In nature, genetic diversity is created within certain {{U}} (68) {{/U}}.A、rose can be crossed with a different kind of rose, but a rose will never cross with a potato. Genetic engineering, {{U}} (69) {{/U}} usually involves taking genes from one species and inserting them into another {{U}} (70) {{/U}} to transfer a desired characteristiC、This could mean, for example, selecting a gene which leads to the production of a chemical with anti-freeze {{U}} (71) {{/U}} from an artic fish, and inserting it into a potato or strawberry to make it frost-resistant. {{U}} (72) {{/U}}, then, biotechnology allows humans to {{U}} (73) {{/U}} the genetic wails that separate species. Like the green revolution, {{U}} (74) {{/U}} some call the gene revolution contributes to the problem of genetic uniformity--some say even more so {{U}} (75) {{/U}} geneticists can employ techniques such as cloning and {{U}} (76) {{/U}} culture (培养), processes that produce perfectly {{U}} (77) {{/U}} copies.Concerns about the erosion of biodiversity, therefore, remain. Genetically altered plants, however, raise new {{U}} (78) {{/U}}, such as the effects that they may have on us and the environment. "We are flying blindly into a new {{U}} (79) {{/U}} of agricultural biotechnology with high hopes, few constraints, and little idea of the potential {{U}} (80) {{/U}} " said science writer Jeremy Rifkin. |
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简述“信息资源管理”概念提出的两种背景。
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Geneticallymodified(GM)foodstuffsarehere
Genetically modified (GM) foodstuffs are here to stay. That’s not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear,{{U}} (61) {{/U}}simply that foodbuying patterns will polarize. It may even be that GM food will become the food of{{U}} (62) {{/U}}because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use. The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep{{U}} (63) {{/U}}with the world’s{{U}} (64) {{/U}}population growth to ten or eleven billion. It’s not just a question of more mouths to feed either.{{U}} (65) {{/U}}is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space,reducing the overall land{{U}} (66) {{/U}}for agriculture. It may well be that in the long term it is the developing world{{U}} (67) {{/U}}benefits most from GM foods. It’s true that for the next ten years or so GM crops may be{{U}} (68) {{/U}}expensive.But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here—once the technology has been developed for money spinning crops,{{U}} (69) {{/U}}maize, soy beans and cotton,it will become{{U}} (70) {{/U}}for all. This doesn’t mean, unfortunately, that families will{{U}} (71) {{/U}}, but severity and duration will be helped by an{{U}} (72) {{/U}}ability to produce and distribute fooD、 {{U}} (73) {{/U}}we move into this new era of agriculture we’re embarking on a journey the world has seen many number of times with experiments before. We have been refining species of wheat for several thousand years. Genetic engineers like me are not doing anything as{{U}} (74) {{/U}}as making a cabbage into a cauliflower{{U}} (75) {{/U}}has been done by plant breeders in the past. We’re simply tapping into the whole gene pool, rather than concentrating on one species at a time. |
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Ironically, in the United States, a country of immigrants, prejudice and discrimination continue to be serious problems. There was often {{U}} (1) {{/U}} between each established group of {{U}} (2) {{/U}} and each succeeding group.As each group became {{U}} (3) {{/U}} financially successful, and more powerful, they {{U}} (4) {{/U}} newcomers from full participation in the society. Prejudice and discrimination are {{U}} (5) {{/U}} U.S. history, {{U}} (6) {{/U}}, this prejudicial treatment of different groups is {{U}} (7) {{/U}} more unjust than with blackAmericans. Blacks had distinct {{U}} (8) {{/U}}. For the most part, they came to the "land of opportunity" as slaves and were not free to keep their {{U}} (9) {{/U}} and cultural traditions. {{U}} (10) {{/U}} mostEuropean immigrants, blacks did not have the protection of a support group; sometimes slave owners separated members of {{U}} (11) {{/U}} family. They could not mix easily with the {{U}} (12) {{/U}} society either because of their skin color. It was difficult for them to {{U}} (13) {{/U}} theAmerican culture.Even after they became flee people, they were still discriminated {{U}} (14) {{/U}} in employment, housing, education, and even in public {{U}} (15) {{/U}}, such as restrooms. |