高考习题练习
| 高考每日一练（2019/5/20） |
| 第1题：13．(26分)结合图文材料，回答问题。 |
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第2题：洋务运动失败的根本原因是( )。
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| 第3题：(15分)近代社会的民主思想与实践材料1908年8月，清廷批准了预备立宪的方案，九年内计划做的主要工作包括：设立谘议局、资政院，开办地方自治，清理财政，推行普及国民教育，修订法典，厘定官制、官规，宣布宪法，颁布议院法、选举法，进行上下议院议员选举，等。1910年(宣统二年)11月，清廷发布上谕：“今者，人民代表吁恳既出于至诚，内外臣工强半皆主张急进，民气奋发……应即俯顺臣民之请……着缩改于宣统五年，实行开设议院。先将官制厘订，提前颁布试办，预即组织内阁。迅速遵照钦定宪法大纲，编订宪法条款，并将议院法，上下议院议员选举法，及有关于宪法范围以内必须提前赶办事项，均着同时并举。”1911年5月，责任内阁成立，13名国务大臣中满人9人，其中皇族7人，汉人仅4人，时人形象地将此称为“皇族内阁”。 ——摘编自金毓黻《宣统政纪》等 根据材料并结合所学知识，说明预备立宪未能挽救清政府的原因。(6分) |
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| 第4题：(本小题满分12分)设每个工作日甲、乙、丙、丁4人需使用某种设备的概率分别为 各人是否需使用设备相互独立. X表示同一工作日需使用设备的人数，求X的数学期望. |
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| 第5题：Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatreD、There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhooD、Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: "This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finisheD、" The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least two years. TheAmerican basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play.A、Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA、had ever lost an Olympic basketball match.An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stanD、TheAmerican players then voted not to receive the silver medals. Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for.But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism. What did the manager mean by saying, "...Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished" A、His team would no longer take part in international games. B、Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions. C、There should be no more hockey matches organized by the Federation. D、The Federation should be dissolveD、 |
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| 第6题：For some people, music is no fun at all.About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusiC、” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes (音调).Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs.Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale. As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusiC、Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other. Life can be hard for amusics. Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others. It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition. In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusiC、Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful. That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is musiC、However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation. “I used to hate parties,” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusiC、By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition.Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate musiC、The difference is complex, and it doesn’t involve defective hearing.Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well. They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech. Scientists compare amusics to people who just can’t see certain colors.Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed (诊断). For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with musiC、Now she knows that she is not alone. There is a name for her condition. That makes it easier for her to explain. “When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I’m amusic,’” says Margaret. “I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy.” According to paragraph 3, a person with “defective hearing” is probably one who __________. A、dislikes listening to speeches B、can hear anything nonmusical C．has a hearing problem D．lacks a complex hearing system |
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| 第7题：______ a good student but he also proved himself a good sportsman. A、He showed himself not only B、He showed not only himself C、Not only did he show himself D、Not only he showed himself |
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| 第8题：阅读下面文字，完成17-19题 抻面① 阿城 铁良是满族人。 问他祖上是哪个旗的的，他说不知道，管它哪个旗的，还不都是干活儿吃饭。 铁良在北京是个小有名气的人，名气是抻得一手好面。铁良有个要好的弟兄，也是个有名气的人，名气是和馅儿。铁良专在一家做。 铁良原来有几股钱在店里，后来店叫政府公私合营了，铁良有些不太愿意，在公家人面前说了几句。公家人也是以前常来店里吃铁良抻的面的主儿，劝了铁良几句。几年以后，铁良知道害怕了，心理感激着那个公家人。 抻面最讲究的是和面。和面先和个大概齐，之后放在案子上沾块湿布“省”着。{{U}}后来运动多了，铁良说，这反省就是咱们的省面。省好了面，愿意怎么揉掐捏拉，随您便。{{/U}} 省好了的面，内里没有疙瘩。面粉一掺了水，放不多时就会发酸，所以要下碱。下了碱的面，就可以抻了。 有人用舌头试碱放多了还是少了，舔舔，有一股苦甜香，就是合适了。铁良试碱不用舌头，一半儿的原因是抻面是个露脸的活儿，是公开的，客人看着，当面的。铁良用鼻子，闻闻，碱多了，就再放放，“省”碱。 跑堂的的了客人要的数儿，拉长声儿喊给铁良。客人出到街上，靠在铺面窗口儿看铁良抻面，好像是买了一张看戏的站票。 铁良不含糊，当当一手揪出一拳头面，啪，和在一起，搓成粗条儿，掐着两头儿，上下一悠，就一个人长了。人伸开胳膊的长度等于这个人的身高。铁良两手往当中一合，就是两股，再抻再合，就是四股，再抻再合，八股，十六股，三十二股，六十四股，一百二十八股。之后掐去两头，朝脑后一甩，好像是大闺女的辫子飞落到灶上的锅里，客人就笑了，转身回去店里座位上。 锅边儿的伙计用双长筷子搅两下，大笊篱捞出盛到海碗里，海碗里有牛骨高汤，入好面，撒几片芫荽，葱丝儿，带红根儿的嫩菠菜，满天星辣椒油花儿，红，绿，白，啪哒，放在了客人面前。客人挑起一箸子面，撑开嘴吃，热气蒸得额头有点儿亮。铁良呢，和街上的熟人聊了有一会儿了。 50年代初，镇压反革命，押去刑场的时候还许犯人点路边的馆子，吃最后一口人间食。有个老头子被押在车上，路过铁良的店，说是去阴间的路上得吃口抻面。于是押进去，老头子张口要龙须面，铁良也不说话，开始抻。 铁良几下就抻好了，亲自放面下锅，瞬时捞起，入在汤里双手捧了碗放在老头儿面前。围观的人都伸头去看，说不出话来。老头儿挑起面迎光看看，手上的铐哗啦啦响，吃了一口，说，是这个意思，就招呼上路了。 铁良后来跟人说，这就是当初借钱给我学手艺的恩人，他就是要我抻头发丝儿面，我也得抻出来。 (选自《阿城选集》有删改) ［注］①抻(chēn)用手把面团抻成面条。抻：拉长。 理解下面这句话在文中的含义。(6分)后来运动多了，铁良说，这反省就是咱们的省面。省好了面，愿意怎么揉掐捏拉，随您便。 答： ______________________________________________________________ |
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| 第9题：30.[物趣建修3-5](本题共有两小题，每小题6分，共12分。每小题只有一个符合题意) (1)在卢瑟福粒子散射实验中，金箔中的原子核可以看作静止不动，下列各图画出的是其中两个粒子经历金箔散射过程的径迹，其中正确的是________。(填选图下方的字母) A、  B．  C．  D．  |
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第10题：标志着我国社会主义制度建立的是( )。
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