| 考博易错题（2018/12/28） |
| 第1题：After our computer network ______for the third time that day, we all went home. A、crashedB、collided C、smashed D、fell |
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| 第2题：{{B}}Passage Six{{/B}} The identification of disease-related genes has led to an increase in the number of available genetic tests that detect disease or an individual’s risk of disease. New tests arc being developed to detect colon cancer, breast cancer, and other conditions. Scientists are concerned not only that gene tests offered are reliable, but also that patients and health care professionals understand the limitations of such testing. The disclosure of test results could inflict psychological harm to a patient if safe and effective interventions are not also available. Gene testing involves examining a person’sDNA-taken from cells "in a sample of blood or, occasionally, from other body fluids or tissues—for some anomaly that flags a disease or disorder. In addition to studying genes, genetic testing in a broader sense includes biochemical tests for the presence or absence of key proteins that signal aberrant genes. The most widespread type of genetic testing is newborn screening.Each year in the United States, four million newborn infants have blood samples tested for abnormal or missing gene products. Some tests look for abnormal arrangements of the chemical bases in the gene itself, while other tests detect inborn errors by verifying the absence of a protein that the cell needs to function normally.Carrier testing can be used to help couples to learn if they carry—and thus risk passing to their children. Genetic tests—biochemical andDNA-based—also are widely available for the prenatal diagnosis of conditions such asDown syndrome. Much of the current excitement in gene testing centers on predictive gene testing: tests that identify people who are at risk of getting a disease, before any symptoms appear. Tests are already available in research programs for some two dozen diseases, and as more disease genes are discovered, more gene tests can be expecteD、 Tests for a few rare cancers are already in clinical use. Predictive gene tests for more common types of cancer are still primarily a research tool, difficult to execute and available only through research programs to small numbers of people who have a strong family history of disease.But the field of gene testing is evolving rapidly, with new genes being discovered almost daily and innovations in testing arriving almost as quickly. |
| 第3题： The primordial fireball would have been a dense roiling stew of radiation and elementary particles condensing out of the ______ energy, annihilating each other, recondensing, then colliding and disappearing all over again. A．colossal B．audacious C．ambient D．autonomous |
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| 第4题：Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can be best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that it would be (27) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A、variety of small clubs can pro- vide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the back-grounD、 In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) attention spans. A、variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with- out letting the other participants down. A、consent B．insurance C．admission D．security |
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| 第5题： {{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self-improvement. Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three-day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children,But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchilD、 Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money; buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless.And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all. |