| 考博易错题（2019/1/8） |
| 第1题： People's confidence in Blair was greatly ______ by his wife's misbehavior. A．sapped B．cherished C．sabotaged D．confirmed |
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| 第2题： 1 When, in the age of automation, man searches for a worker to do the tedious, un pleasant jobs that are impossible to mechanize, he may very profitably consider the ape. If we tackled the problem of breeding for brains with as much as enthusiasm as we de vote to breeding dogs of surrealistic shapes, we could eventually produce assorted models of useful primates, ranging in size from the gorilla down to the baboon, each adapted to a special kind of work. It is not putting too much strain on the imagination to assume that ge neticists could produce a super-ape, able to understand some scores of words, and capable of being trained for such jobs as picking fruit, cleaning up the litter in parks, shining shoes, collecting garbage, doing household chores, and even baby-sitting though I have known some babies I would not care to trust with a valuable ape). Apes could do many jobs, such as cleaning streets and the more repetitive types of ag ricultural work, without supervision, though they might need protection from those ex ceptional specimens of Homo sapiens who think it amusing to tease or bully anything they consider lower on the evolutionary ladder. For other tasks, such as delivering papers and laboring on the docks, our man-ape would have to work under human overseers; and, in cidentally, I would love to see the finale of the twenty-first century version of the Water front in which the honest but hairy hero will drum on his chest after--literally taking the wicked labor leader apart. Once a supply of nonhuman workers becomes available, a whole range of low IQ jobs could be thankfully relinquished by mankind, to its great mental and physical advan tage. What is more, one of the problems which has plagued so many fictional Utopias would be avoideD、There would be none of the deridingly subhumanEpsilons of Huxley’sBrave New World to act as a permanent reproach to society, for there is a profound moral difference between breeding sub-men and super-apes, though the end products are much the same. The first would introduce a form of slavery, the second would be a biological tri umph which could benefit both men and animals. The author of this article is______.A．revealing his low opinion of mankind B．poking fun at geneticists C．expressing his doubts about the possibility of breeding a super-ape D．presenting a reasonable theory in a humorous tone |
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| 第3题：Most people who develop Lyme disease, a tick-born infection that’s endemic in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, are easily cured by taking an antibiotic like doxycycline for a couple of weeks.But for years a debate has raged over what to do about patients whose symptoms (fatigue, mental confusion, joint pain) never seem to clear up. One small but vocal group of doctors and patient advocates believes that Lyme’s corkscrew-shaped spirochetes have tunneled deep into their victims’ bodies and can be eradicated only with intensive antibiotic treatment over many months.Another group believes, just as adamantly, that the bacteria are long gone, making further treatment with powerful antibiotics-- which can lead to potentially fatal infections or blood clots--positively dangerous. Now comes word of two studies in the NewEngland Journal of Medicine that show that long-term antibiotic treatment is no better than a placebo for folks with chronic Lyme disease. Originally scheduled for publication in July, the research is part of a group of findings made public last week--just in time for the peak Lyme months of June and July. If confirmed by another major study that’s looking at chronic Lyme and antibiotics from a slightly different perspective, the results would seem to settle the question once and for all. Researchers fromBoston, New Haven,Conn., and Valhalla, N.Y., followed 129 patients who had previously been treated for well-documented cases of Lyme disease. Sixty-four were given antibiotics directly into their veins for a month, followed by two months of oral antibiotics. The others received dummy medications. A、third of the chronic Lyme patients got better while taking the antibiotics.But so did a third of those on the placebo. Indeed, the results were so similar that a monitoring board decided to cut the trials short rather than add more subjects to the test groups. Unfortunately, the debate over chronic Lyme has become so heated that no one expects the controversy to go away.But both sides may take comfort in the other findings that were released by the NewEngland Journal last week.After studying 482 subjects bitten by deer ticks in a part of New York with a lot of Lyme disease, researchers concluded that a singly 200-mg dose of doxycycline dramatically cut the risk of contracting the disease. That good news is tempered somewhat by the fact that 80% of patients who develop the infection don’t remember ever being bitten by a tick. (The bugs inject an anesthetic into the skin to mask the pain and in their nymph stage are so small--about the size of a poppy seed--that they are easily overlookeD、) There’s still plenty you can do to protect yourself in a Lyme-infested neighborhood: tuck your pants in your socks, sprayDEET on your clothing, check yourself and your kids for ticks.And if you develop a spreading red rash--particularly if it’s accompanied by joint pain, chills or confusion--make sure you see a doctor right away. The trick, as always, is to be vigilant without overreacting. How is the experiment with 129 patients related to the argument stated in Paragraph 2 A、It aims to look at the problem from a different perspective. B．The experiment result shows the contrary to the argument. C．The experiment result gives a support to the argument. D．It aims to provide an alternative solution to the problem. |
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| 第4题：The modern age is a permissive one in which things can be said explicitly, but the old traditon of ______ dies harD、 A、talkativeness B、exaggeration C、condemnationD、euphemism |
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| 第5题："It was the beginning of a revolution inAmerica and the world, a revolution that some have yet to acknowledge and many have yet to appreciate," says Harold Skramstad, president of the Henry Ford Museum inDearborn, Michigan. 1776 No indeed: 1896, when FrankDuryea finally perfected theDuryea Motor, Wagon.At its first airing, the contraption rolled less than 100 metres before the transmission froze up.But by the end of 1896Duryea had sold 13 of them, thus giving birth to theAmerican motor industry. That industry (whose roots, outsideAmerica, are usually attributed to tinkerings by MessrsDaimler andBenz in Germany) is being celebrated hugely over the coming months, culminating with a GreatAmericanCrnise-in inDetroit in June. "Our goal is to attract the greatest collection of antique and classic cars this nation has ever seen in one place at one time," says Mr Skramstad modestly. Americans may indeed blame the car for almost everything that has happened to their country, and themselves, since 1896. The car has determineD、 The way they live. From cradle to grave, the car marks every rite ofAmerican passage. Home by car from the maternity ward; first driving licence (usually at the age of 16); first (backseat) sexual experience; first car of one’s own (and the make of car is a prime determinant of social status, symbolic of everything a person is or does). In Las Vegas, and elsewhere,Americans can get married at drive-in chapels. They then buy, or lust after, a house with garages big enough for not one but two or three cars. This allocates more space to cars than to children.And when the time comes, they may lie in state at a drive-through funeral home, where you can pay your respects without pulling over. The way they shop. Main Street has been replaced by the strip mall and the shopping mall, concentrating consumer goods in an auto-friendly space. A、large part of each shopping trip must now be spent, bags under chin, searching for the place where the car was left.And another point: bags have annoyingly lost their carrying handles since shoppers ceased to be pedestrian) Since car-friendly living and shopping became the role, most built-up parts ofAmerica now look like every other part. There is simply no difference between aBurger Inn inCalifornia and one on the outskirts ofBoston. The way they eat. A、significant proportion ofAmericans’ weekly meals are now consumed inside cars, sometimes while parked outside the (drive-by) eatery concerned, sometimes en route, which leads to painful spillages in laps, leading to overburdening of. The legal system.Dozens of laws have been written to deal with car cases, ranging from traffic disputes to product liability.Drive-by shootings require a car, as do most getaways. The car is a great crime accessory; and it also causes the deaths of nearly 40,000Americans every year. Personal finances.Before the age of the car, few people went into debt; no need to borrow money to buy a horse. NowAmericans tie themselves up with extended installment loans, and this in turn has spawned a whole financial industry. The wealth of the nation.By 1908, an estimated 485 different manufacturers were building cars in the United States.Employment grew nearly 100-fold in the industry during the first decade of the 20th century. When Henry Ford, in a stroke of genius, automated his production line he required a rush of new, unskilled labour, which he enticed by offering an unheard-of ＄5 a day in wages. Henceforth, workers could actually afford to buy what they built. AndAmericans never looked back. Today, theBig Three car manufacturers (Food, GM andChrysler) generate more than ＄200 billion a year in business inside the United States.Directly and indirectly, the industry employs roughly one in seven workers.Every car job is reckoned to add ＄100,000 in goods and services to the economy, twice the national average. People oc |
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