考博习题练习
| 考博易错题（2019/1/17） |
第1题： 
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| 第2题： St. Petersburg. The very name brings to mind some of Russia’s greatest poets, writers and composers: Pushkin,Dostoevsky, Tchaikovsky. 56. {{U}}The 19th century was a golden age for St. Petersburg’s (圣彼得堡) wealthy classes. It was a world of ballets and balls, of art and literature, of tea and caviar (鱼子酱).{{/U}} 57. {{U}}The golden age ended with the advent of World War I. Working people were growing more and more discontenteD、In i917,Communism came, promising peace and prosperity.{{/U}} St. Petersburg had become Petrograd in 1914. People wanted a Russian name for their city. Ten years later, the city’s name changed again, this time to LeningraD、Then in 1991, Leningraders voted to restore the city’s original name. Some people opposed the name change altogether. 58. {{U}}Others thought it was just too soon. Old, run-down Soviet Leningrad, they said, was not the St. Petersburg of 19th-century literature.{{/U}} What, then, is St. Petersburg In the confusing post-Communist world, no one really knows. The quiet, if Soviet-style, dignity is gone. TheCommunist sayings are down, and gaudy advertising up.Candy bars and cigarettes are sold from boxy, tasteless kiosks.And clothing 59. {{U}}Well, anything goes.Everyone wants to be a little different.But many people do not know the true meaning of freedom. Personal crime has gone up, up, up in the past few years{{/U}}. Yet in spite of this, you can still find some of the city’s grand past. Stand at the western tip of Vasilievsky IslanD、To the right is the elegant Winter Palace, former home of theCzars. Its light blue sides and white classical columns make it perhaps St. Petersburg’s most graceful building. It houses one of the world’s most famous art museums: the Hermitage. Inside, 20km of galleries house thousands of works of art. 60. {{U}}Look over your right shoulder. The massive golden dome of St. Isaac’sCathedral (圣以撒大教堂) rises above the sky- line. You’ll see, too, why St. Petersburg is called a "float city." Standing there, nearly surrounded by water, you can see four of the city’s 42 islands.{{/U}} |
| 第3题：One in threeAmericans said that money was a crucial factor in their decision to work for pay (or have a spouse work) rather than stay home to raise the children, withBabyBoomer women most likely to have made that choice. Forty-five percent ofBabyBoomer women—compared with just 32 percent of those 55 and over—said they went to work. "BabyBoomer women, especially the older ones, grew up expecting to replicate the pattern of their mothers’ lives," suggests HochschilD、"But then the bills started coming in and more job opportunities opened up, and these women moved into a life they hadn’t anticipateD、" Money played a great role in marriage—even an unhappy one.Approximately 18 percent of all those interviewed said they stayed married because they lacked money to get a divorce, while less than 8 percent said that financial strain in their marriage has caused them to divorce. Lack of money also influenced education choices. Nearly one in fourAmericans has postponed or decided not to attend college because of financial pressures.Even with the sustained prosperity of the past eight years, Gen-Xers were most likely to have altered their college plans. A、39-year-old Hispanic billing clerk in New York spoke about how the need for money limited her teenager son’s ability to take part in extracurricular activities that could increase his chances of getting into college. "Since age 14, my son’s been working, and I think he is a superb person. Not having a lot of money has made him realize what work is all about. On the other hand, he was elected to go to a youth leadership conference in Washington, and I can’t send him because I don’t have the money. Lack of money takes away opportunities he otherwise could have haD、" On the question of what money can and can’t buy, a large majority ofAmericans said that money could buy "freedom to live as you choose", "excitement in life", and "less stress". In a number of follow-up interviews, many people commented that having extra money would immediately alleviate one source of profound stress——the need to work overtime. Those with college and graduate degrees were far more likely to believe that money can buy freedom, perhaps because better-educated people already have a wider array of choices.College-educated professionals, for instance, were much more likely to consider wealth a way of financing travel, starting a business of their own, or funding charitable works in their communities. A、55-year-old Hispanic woman in LosAngeles with a graduate degree and an income of more than＄90,000 described a midlife career switch.After resigning from a high-level, high paying——but extremely stressful—civil service job, she became a florist. "After I Started tearing my hair out," she said, "I decided to go into business for myself—flowers don’t talk back." Can money buy peace of mind Fifty-two percent ofAmericans said no. "It all depends on what ’peace’ means to you," observed a businesswoman inCalifornia who is nearing 60 and would like to retire at 62 and go back to college. "For my husband, peace of mind means working as long as he can and collecting the biggest possible pension. For me, it means knowing I’ve worked long enough so that I can afford to go after an old dream, I guess you should say that my peace of mind is his worry.\ The reason why the 55-year-old Hispanic woman became a florist is that ______. A、she no longer had hair B、she hated to meet very rude people C、she did not like civil service jobs D、midlife career switch was a widespread practice |
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| 第4题：The plan would require two, or possibly more, class periods for its fulfillment.
A．execution B．excursion C．expansion D．extinction |
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| 第5题： Her remarks ______ a complete disregard for human rights. A．magnified B．maintained C．manipulated D．manifested |
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