考博易错题（2019/1/25）

第1题："Refrigerator production inChina jumped from 1.4 million units in 1985 to 10.6 million in 1998," according toDavid Fridley, a researcher in theDepartment ofEnergy’s LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory, US A、 The GlobalEnvironmental Facility, through the United :NationsDevelopment Program, has decided to fund ＄ 9.3 million of the ＄40 million program to help the government ofChina transform its market for refrigerators. The refrigerator project began in 1989 when theEP A、signed an agreement with the government ofChina to assist in the elimination ofCFCs from refrigerators.Berkeley Lab has been involved in the project since 1995 through the U.S.Environmental ProtectionAgency, developing the market transformation program based on the success of the first phase of the project, which involved designing and testingCFC、(chlorofluorocabon) free, energy-efficient refrigerators. Fridley says that beyond his technical supervisory role, the Laboratory will be involved in training and working with the StateBureau of Technical Supervision as the new efficiency standards are develope D、 "Market transformation," Fridley explains, "is the process of shifting consumer demand for a product, in this case to a more energy-efficient, environmentally favorable product through voluntary, market based means such as technical assistance and training for manufacturers, consumer education, and financial incentives to manufacture and sell the more efficient products." "Collectively, we developed a technical training program forChinese refrigerator manufacturers interested in developingCFC、free, efficient refrigerators; a financial incentive program to motivate manufacturers to build the most efficient refrigerator possible; and a mass purchasing program forChinese government agencies that acquire refrigerators in bulk," Fridley says. In 1998, the refrigerator project was awarded an InternationalClimate ProtectionAward by theEP A、"It is not widely known in the United States, butChina has had an energy efficiency policy in place since the early 1980s, says Mark Levine,EnvironmentalEnergy TechnologiesDivision director and an advisor to theChinese government on energy efficiency." The government ofChina is committed to using energy more efficiently, and this has allowed the economy to grow at nearly twice the rate of energy consumption. "TheEnergy-Efficient Refrigerator Project will have a significant, direct effect on reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. WeBerkeley Lab are grateful to have the chance to work with the people and government ofChina on this project, as well as on our other refrigerator production projects in energy data analysis, appliance efficiency standards, and technical advice on cogeneration plants ," adds Levine. According to Fridley, "Market transformation" means ______. A、giving a practical guide to the consumers’ needs as which products are better B．strengthening the training of designers and manufacturers and educate the consumers to distinguish right products from the fake ones C．producing high-quality products that can reach the international standards for environmental protection D、trying to meet the demand of the consumers by improving the quality of products comprehensively

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, (21) into a hobby and lately has (22) into a full-time passion. The two developers of Yahoo,David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D、candidates (23) ElectricalEngineering at Stanford University, started their guide inApril 1994 as a way to keep (24) of their personal interest on the Internet.Before long they (25) that their homebrewed lists were becoming too long and (26) . Gradually they began to spend more and more time on Yahoo. During 1994, they (27) yahoo into a customized database designed to (28) the needs of the thousands of users (29) began to use the service through the closely (30) Internet community. They developed customized software to help them (31) locate, identify and edit material (32) on the Internet. The name Yahoo is (33) to stand for "YetAnother Hierarchical Officious Oracle", but Filo and Yang insist they selected the (34) because they considered themselves yahoos. Yahoo itself first (35) on Yang’s workstation, "akebono", while the search engine was (36) on Filo’s computer, "Konishiki" . In early 1995 MarcAndersen, co-founder of NetscapeCommunication in Mountain View,California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files (37) to larger computers (38) at Netscape.As a result Stanford’s computer network returned to (39) , and both parties benefiteD、Today, Yahoo (40) organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the weB、 A、fable B、model C、name D、brand

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第4题： The main point of paragraph 2 is ______. A．to define technical terms B．to define terms and scope of the study C．to outline the main sections of the report D．to summarize the area to be covered in the article

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal TradeCommission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users.CommercialAlert, a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Nader, asked the FTC、to investigate whether eight of the Web’s largest search engines are violating federal laws against deceptive advertising. The group said that the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button issue affecting tens of mil-lions of people who submit search queries each day. With more than 2 billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web, search requests rank as the second most popular online activity afterE-mail. The eight search engines named inCommercialAlerts complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned byAOL Time Warner;Directhit, owned byAsk Jeeves; HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Term Lycos;AhaVista, owned byCMGI; LookSmart, owned by LookSmart; and iWon, owned by a privately held company operating under the same name. "Portland, Ore-basedCommercialAlert could have named more search engines in its complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in their results," said Gary Ruskin, the group’s executive director. "Search engines have be-come central in the quest for learning and knowledge in our society. The ability to skew the results in favor of hucksters without telling consumers is a serious problem," Ruskin saiD、By late Monday afternoon, three of the search engines had responded to TheAssociated Press’ inquiries about the complaint. Two, LookSmart andAltaVista, denied the charges. Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering "compelling search results that people want." The FTC、had no comment about the complaint Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal role as Web guides and reverse a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently. The consumer group complained about ______ . A、special fees that Internet users were charged B．Federal TradeCommission CommercialAlert D．online search engines

【单选题】： A     B     C     D