考博易错题（2019/2/16）_网考网(Netkao.com)

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考博易错题（2019/2/16）

Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick H in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affecteD、
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.A、bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passeD、
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words.At three he knows about 1,000 words which be can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.
Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern "toy-bear".And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.
But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s nonverbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.

第1题：
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA,B,C, andD、You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

E、cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>

What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ______.A．he is born with the capacity to speak
B．he has a brain more complex than an animal’s

C、he can produce his own sentences
D．he owes his speech ability to good nursing
【单选题】： A B C D
Regardless of the source or kind of light, the ability of light to form an image is dependent upon just one thing--a small hole or a lens to bring the rays to a focus. The principle of image formation was discovered in early Greek Times. Later it was realized that the eye itself has a lens and that an image is, in fact, formed on the retina, the rear inside surface of the eyeball. Some man inside a cave or a darkened room noticed that light entering through a small hole in the wall formed an image on the far wall. It was observed that if you enlarge the hole, the image blurred and disappeareD、On the other hand, the smaller the hole, the sharper the image-down to a certain diameter after which making the hole smaller makes the image worse again.
The function of a pinhole is to screen out all light rays except those coming in a perfectly straight line from the object, thus improving the sharpness of the image.After passing through a point the rays again spread out a little bit, and the size of the image formed will depend upon how far back the wall, screen, or film is from the pinhole.
The full exploitation of this phenomenon had to wait for the development of the lens, which gathered in a much larger number of light rays and still brought them to form an image, just as the pinhole did, but with a difference: in a pinhole camera, the light rays form an image that is equally sharp regardless of the distance to the film. When a lens is used, there may be a choice of planes of focus determined by adjusting the lens-to-film distance.Each plane is located some distance behind and relatively parallel to the lens.
Actual blown glass was developed early inEgyptian times, and the first lens may have been the bottom of a wine bottle. However, the first deliberate grinding of lenses did not take place until the thirteenth century, and the art did not become established until the sixteenth century.A、book on the grinding and polishing of lenses was issued byB、Battista della Porta in 1589, but it was not until 1611 that Kepler compared a lens of glass to the lens in the eye and showed that rays from each point of an object were brought to a focus at each corresponding point of an image on the retinA、Then, in 1619, Scheiner demonstrated the actual formation of an inverted image on the retinA、

第2题：{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}

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