| 考博易错题（2019/2/22） |
| 第1题： A、number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students’ learningEnglish as a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/ strategies used by two students in a Hong Kong Technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed and some implications highlighteD、 What makes a ’good’ language learner ’good’, and what makes a ’poor’ language learner ’poor’ What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies, Learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and ageEllis, 1986: chap 5) and strategies refer to "techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information"Chamot, 1987: 71). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either ’good’ or ’poor’. Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O’Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher ofEnglish working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research. In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects.As the existing research points out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety. (Oxford, 1986) We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes.Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they interact to affect success or failure in a particular language learning situation. Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students. The reference to ’Naiman and his colleagues (1978)’ in paragraph 4 is ______. A、to point out the advantages of an analytical approach B．to point out that language learning strategies can be identified C．to point out that different learners learn differently D．to point out the Uniqueness of language learning situations |
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| 第2题： 1 From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases.A、large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has in creased enormously.But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of them, women and chil dren on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is los ing. Thousand of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car be comes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind steering wheels. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-olds and utterly selfish.All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior.Everything is done for his convenience.Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes noth ing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough.A、code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more diffi cult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety.Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist ) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed lim its should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA、All advertising stressing power and perform ance should be banneD、These measures may sound inordinately harsh.But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life.After all, the world is for human beings, not or motor-cars. What does the author think of society toward motoristsA．Society criticizes the motorists severely. B、Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. C．Society overlooks their rude driving. D．Victims of accidents are nothin |
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| 第3题：Lobbying groups often try to disguise a financial self-interest by clumsily dressing up their arguments in the guise of concern for the publiC、 You see this tendency in the pharmaceutical industry (21) in energy and lumber companies who like to tout their (22) of the environment.But (23) , two new books argue, are these tactics more (24) a cause for concern than in agribusiness. Marion Nestle’s "Food Safety:Bacteria,Biotechnology, andBio-terrorism’ looks at the way theAmerican meat and biotechnology industries have (25) successfully onCapitol Hill (26) stricter federal regulation, which the author argues has undermined the safety of the food supply. (27) , Maxime Schwartz’s "How theCows Turned Mad" (28) the origins of mad-cow disease over more than two centuries, and reveals the fallout from theBritish government’s blind (29) that the disease could not be (30) to humans. In 1999, Ms Nestle writes in her earlier book, Rosemary Mueklow, the executive director of the National MeatAssociation, lobbied against PresidentClinton’s (31) to establish a more thorough testing regime forE、coli 0157: H7, a potentially (32) pathogen. Ms Muck low’s organization—which represents meatpackers and processors who (33) to discard or reprocess meat found to be infected under the new testing regime—argued onCapitol Hill that (34) microbial testing in meat could actually lead to a greater public health risk (35) confident consumers might relax their own safe-handling procedures at home. A．for B．of C．as D．with |
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| 第4题： Every person on the sales team is______because they work together well. A．incompatible B．incredible C．indefinite D．indispensable |
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| 第5题：Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads inBritain. Mile (21) mile, vehicle for ve hicle, you arc much (22) likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary roaD、On (23) hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to (24) than in a comparable accident (25) on the roads. Motorways have no (26) bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and (27) speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is (28) in force, it is of ten treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas inBritain.Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps (29) ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups (30) one vehicle stops for some reason--mechanical failure, driver error and so on—have become all (31) familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How (32) of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop (33) 70 mph.9Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. (34) wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, they (35) at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions (36) their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy (37) this motorway madness would be better driver educa tion.At present, learner drivers are barred (38) motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is (39) , thrown in at the deep enD、However, much more efficient poli cing is required, (40) it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness. A．yet B．even C．still D．subsequently |
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