| 考博易错题（2019/3/7） |
| 第1题：The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notably messages.
A．discontinuous B．discreet C．discordant D．disadvantageous |
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| 第2题： 1 In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (学会) of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the chilD、This might happen at any stage.A、baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportuni ties, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for him self. Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness. As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德).Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach (说教), their chil dren may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooleD、 A、sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment. In the process of children’s learning new skills parents______.A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read B．should not expect too much of them C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible |
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| 第3题：Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect In high-income regions, (21) NorthAmerica, our picture suggests that the share of traffic (22) supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we (23) the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these (24) in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed rail transport will probably continue its strongly (25) decline. We expect that throughout the period 1990～2050, the (26) NorthAmerican will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time (27) to automobile travel. The very large demand (28) air travel (or high-speed rail travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (29) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel (30) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes.Buses will persist (31) the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. (32) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and (33) low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (34) of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the (35) . A、outcomes B．trends C．declines D．impacts |
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| 第4题：The liberal view of democratic citizenship that developed in the 17th and 18th centuries was fundamentally different from that of the classical Greeks. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligations and involvement in the collective community that were emphasized by the Greeks. Freedom was to be realized by limiting the scope of governmental activity and political obligation and not through immersion in the collective life of the polis. The basic role of the citizen was to select governmental leaders and keep the powers and scope of public authority in check. On the liberal view, the. rights of citizens against the state were the focus of special emphasis. Over time, the liberal democratic notion of citizenship developed in two directions. First, there was a movement to increase the proportion of members of society who were eligible to participate as citizens--especially through extending the right of suffrage--and to ensure the basic political equality of all. Second, there was a broadening of the legitimate activities of government and a use of governmental power to redress imbalances in social and economic life. Political citizenship became an instrument through which groups and classes with sufficient numbers of votes could use the state power to enhance their social and economic well-being. Within the general liberal view of democratic citizenship, tensions have developed over the degree to which government can and should be used as an instrument for promoting happiness and well-being. Political philosopher MartinDiamond has categorized two views of democracy as follows. On the one hand, there is the "libertarian" perspective that stresses the private pursuit of happiness and emphasizes the necessity for restraint on government and protection of individual liberties. On the other hand, there is the "majoritarian" view that emphasizes the "task of the government to uplift and aid the common man against the malefactors of great wealth." The tensions between these two views are very evident today. Taxpayer revolts and calls for smaller government and less government regulation clash with demands for greater government involvement in the economic marketplace and the social sphere. The author cites MartinDiamond in paragraph 3 because the author ______.A．regards MartinDiamond as an authority on political philosophy B．wishes to refute MartinDiamond’s views on citizenship C．needs a definition of the term "citizenship" D．is unfamiliar with the distinction between libertarian and majoritarian concepts of democracy |
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| 第5题：Did you know that the parachute was invented before the airplane This is (1) but true. The first airplane was flown in 1903. However, Leonardo da Vinci, the Italian artist-scientist, drew sketches of a (2) over 450 years ago. The first successful parachute jump was made from a tower (3) a French scientist, Sebastien Lenormand, in 1783. In 1785 J. P.Blanchard of France used a parachute to eject a dog from a hot-air balloon. People (4) to use parachutes first for thrills and fun.Andre Jacques Garnerin, also of (5) , was the first to drop from a balloon at a (6) of 2000 feet using a parachute. Garnerin continued to parachute for a number of years, as (7) many others. It wasn’t until World War I, (8) , that the parachute became important for saving lives.By the end of the war, it had become standard safety equipment for nearly all (9) . In addition, parachutes were also worn by military passengers on (10) . Today the parachute is used (11) several purposes. It is invaluable when firefighters must be dropped at the scene of a fire in (12) areas. These areas are often (13) isolated that they can’t be reached by other means. The parachute is also used to drop rescuers and supplies to victims of disasters. It is also used by the military to (14) soldiers and equipment. Parachute jumping has also become a popular (15) . Many airports have schools that teach correct procedure. They also provide the airplanes to carry (16) aloft.Experienced jumpers often take up sky diving. In sky diving the jumpers don’t open their parachutes immediately. (17) they fall freely toward the earth doing various tricks, after which they then open their parachutes. They do this just in time for a safe (18) . There are many (19) records in parachuting. The longest fall before opening a parachute for a safe landing was accomplished in 1962 by a Russian who fell over fifteen and one-half miles (20) using the parachute. The highest jump was made by anAmerican in 1960.Air ForceCaptain Joseph Kittinger, Jr., jumped from a balloon nineteen and one-half miles high. A、Italy B、Russia C、FranceD、America |
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