考博习题练习

考博易错题（2019/3/12）
Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinaryEnglish, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kinD、Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of theEnglish language than actually within its borders.
Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very olD、Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are mole familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have
contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech.And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guilD、The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recent discoveries.Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
第1题：{{B}}Passage 3{{/B}}
It is true that______.A．the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him
B．various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons
C．everyone is interested in scientific findings
D．an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms
【单选题】：      
We all associate colors with feelings and attitudes. In politics, dark blue often means "tradition", and red means "social change".But blue can also mean sadness (I’m feeling blue). White is often for purity, although inChina white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in westernEurope white is worn at weddings and black for funerals.Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets ( clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (tike wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty).
Where do these ideas come from Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism; day brought with it the possibility of action, and increased in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative.Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quietness and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.
In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and at- tacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack.Attack is universally re- presented by the color red; serf-preservation by its complement green.
第2题：
According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellowA．People who are passive and conservative.
B．People who are hopeful and active.
C．People who are creative and aggressive.
D．People who are ideal and dreamy.
【单选题】：      
第3题：A．him
B．her
C．it
D．them
【单选题】：      

第4题：
A、number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students’ learningEnglish as a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/ strategies used by two students in a Hong Kong Technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed and some implications highlighteD、
What makes a "good" language learner "good", and what makes a "poor" language learner "poor" What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies. Learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and ageEllis, 1986:Chap. 5) and strategies refer to "techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information"Chabot, 1987: 71). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either "good" or "poor".
Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O’Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher ofEnglish working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research.
In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects.As the existing research points out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety. (Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes.Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they affect success or failure in particular language learning situation.
Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students.
The main point of Paragraph 5 is ______.
A、to describe the existing research in the field
B．to point out the limits of research in this area
C．to describe learning strategies identified as so
D．to summarize the scope of the present article
【单选题】：      

第5题：The business of advertising is to invent methods of addressing massive audiences in a language designed to be easily accessible and immediately persuasive. No advertising agency wants to (51) out an ad that is not clear and convincing to millions of people.But the agency, (52) they would agree that ads should be written to sell products, disagree when it (53) down to the most effective methods of doing so. (54) the years, advertising firms have developed among themselves a variety of distinctive styles (55) on their understanding of the different kinds of audiences they want to reach. No two agencies would handle the (56) product identically. To people (57) whom advertising is an exacting discipline and a highly competitive profession, an ad is (58) more than a sophisticated sales pitch, an attractive verbal (59) device to serve manufactures. In fact, for those who examine ads critically or professionally, products may very well be (60) more than merely points of departure.Ads often (61) their products, and in the (62) of early advertisements for products that are no longer available, we cannot help (63) consider the advertisement independently of oar responses to those products. The point of examining ads apart (64) their announced subjects is not that we ignore the product completely, but (65) we try to see the product only (66) it is talked about and portrayed in the full (67) of the aD、Certainly, it is not necessary to (68) tried a particular product to be (69) to appreciate the technique section and design used in (70) advertisement.
A．point
B．term
C．run
D．case
【单选题】：      

 

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