| 考博易错题（2019/3/22） |
| 第1题：______ the heat to a simmer and continue to cook for another 8-10 minutes until most of the water has evaporateD、
A．Turn off B．Turn over C．Turn down D．Turn up |
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| 第2题：A．arrived in
B．reached to C．arrived to D．reached at |
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| 第3题：Automation threatens mankind with an increased number of ______ hours. A、uselessB、active C、complex D、idle |
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| 第4题：The United Nations declared last Friday that Somalia’s famine is over.But the official declaration means little to the millions of Somalis who are still hungry and waiting for their crops to grow. Ken Menkhaus, professor of political science atDavidsonCollege, said it was profoundly disappointing to be discussing another Somali famine, after he worked in the country during the 1991—1992 one.Each famine, he said, has distinct characteristics, and this one unfolded in slow motion over the past couple of years. That’s at least partly because the Somali diaspora sent money home that delayed the worst effects. Menkhaus was among four experts on Somalia and famine who spoke at the Radcliffe Gym Monday evening, who gathered for the event, "Sound the Horn: Famine in the Horn ofAfricA、" Paul Farmer, Kolokotrones University Professor of Global Health and Social Medicine, drew on his experience treating malnourished people in Haiti, where he has worked for decades, and said the human and social context of hunger need as much attention as the patients do.A、malnourished child is typically an indication of poverty at home, and aid to families should be part of treating the child, he saiD、Similarly, broader agricultural interventions and fair trade policies are needed to boost local agricultural economies. Though famine is often thought of as a natural disaster, Monday’s speakers said that is a false impression. Though Somalia suffered through a severe drought, with today’s instant communications, transport systems can move massive amounts of fooD、Given today’s global food markets, famine is too often a failure of local government and international response. "In today’s 21st-century world, just about everything about famine is manmade. We’re no longer in a world of man against nature," said Robert Paarlberg, adjunct professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School. Ethiopia, which was also affected by the recent drought, fared much better this time because of reforms implemented after the 2001 one. Likewise, Paarlberg said, northern and central Somalia regions that fall outside of the influence of theA1-Shabaab militia, also fared better. There were several man-made features of this famine, which affected more than 10 million people and killed between 50,000 and 100,000, half of them children under age 5. The largest man-made feature was the role of theA1-Shabaab militia that rules the region and that kept food aid from reaching those in neeD、But the international community isn’t blameless.As early as November 2010, an international famine early warning system was predicting the failure of rains in the region, but the international community didn’t respond fully until an official famine was declared in July 2011. On top of that, U. S. anti-terrorism laws cut off food aid becauseA1-Shabaab, listed as a terrorist group, was taking some of it. Though the United Nations has declared the famine over, that was based on statistical measures, such as the number of people dying each day and the number of children who are malnourisheD、Though the official famine may be over, both U.N. officials and Monday’s speakers said the crisis continues for the people of SomaliA、Almost a third of the population remains dependent on humanitarian assistance, crops growing from recent rains will take months to reach maturity, and herds of cows, goats, and other animals were greatly reduced during the crisis. MichaelDelaney, director of humanitarian response for OxfamAmerica, warned that the world will have another chance to get its response right, because the warning signs are pointing to an impending famine inAfrica’s Sahel, the arid, continent-spanning transition zone just below the SaharaDesert. What problem still remains from the current Somali famine A、The number of malnourished children remains unknown. B、Half of the populat |
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| 第5题：Famed singerSteve Wonder can’t see his fans dancing at his concerts. He can’t see the hands of his audience as they applaud wildly at the end of his Superstition. Blind from birth, Wonder has waited his whole life for a chance to see. Recently, Wonder visited Mark Humayan, a vision specialist. He thought that a new device currently being studied by Humayan might offer him that chance. The device, a retinal prosthesis, is a tiny computer chip implanted inside a patient’s eye. The chip sends images to the brain and allows some sightless people to see shapes and colors. Wonder hoped the retinal prosthesis might work for him. "I’ve always said that if ever there’s possibility of my seeing," said Wonder, "then I would take the challenge." Unfortunately for Wonder, that challenge will have to wait. Humayan explained that the device isn’t ready for people who have been blind since birth. Their brains may not be able to handle signals from a retinal prosthesis because their brains have never handled signals from a healthy eye. However the retinal prosthesis and other devices show great promise in helping many other sightless people who once had vision see again. Perhaps one day soon, some formerly sightless people may be in Wonder’s audience looking up—and seeing him—for the very first time. Wonder’s willingness to take part in retinal prosthesis studies and the results of those studies are giving new hope to people who thought they would be blind for the rest of their lives. More than one million people in the United States are considered legally blind, meaning that their eye- sight is severely impaireD、Another one million are totally blinD、 Two types of specialized cells in the retina—rods and cones—are critical for proper vision. Light enters the eye and falls on the rods and cones in the retinA、Those cells convert the light to electrical signals, which travel through the optic nerve to the brain. The brain interprets those signals as visual images. Rods detect light at low levels of illumination. For instance, rods allow you to see faint shadows in dim moonlight.Cones, on the other hand, are most sensitive to color. Some diseases can damage cells in the retinA、For instance, macular degeneration causes blind ness and other vision problems in 700,000 people in the United States each year. The condition i caused by a lack of adequate blood supply to the central part of the retinA、Without blood, the rods, cones, and other cells in the retina die. Devices such as the retinal prosthesis won’t prevent or cure our eye diseases, but they ma help patients who have eye disorders regain some of their vision.Different forms of retinal presto sis are currently being developeD、On one type, a tiny computer chip is embedded in the eye The chip has a grid of about 2,500 light-sensing elements called pixels. Light entering the eye strikes the pixels, which convert the light into electrical signals. The pixels then send the electrical signals to nerve cells, behind the retinA、Those cells send signals vi the optic nerve to the brain for interpretation. Many people who have had a retinal prosthesis implanted say they can see shapes, colors and movements that they couldn’t see before. "It was great," said HaroldChurchey, who n ceived his retinal prosthesis 15 years after he became totally blinD、"To see light after so long—was just wonderful. It was just like switching a light on.\ Which of the following statements about the function of retinal prosthesis is true according to the passageA．It eau prevent some eye disorders. B．It can cure some eye disorders. C．It can help recover eyesight to some degree. D．It can repair the damaged cones. |
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