| 考博易错题（2019/3/24） |
| 第1题： In this part you are going to read six passages.Each of the passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question there are four choices markedA,B, C、and D、Decide on the best choice according to the passage you read and write your choice. Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the joB、 More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work. What is the real relationship between education and economic development We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don’t force it.After ail, that’s how education got starte D、When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn’t have time to wonder much about anything besides finding foo D、only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things. As education improved, humanity’s productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education.A、lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. |
| 第2题： 2 At home Theodore Roosevelt had affection, not compliments, whether these were unintentional and sincere or were thinly disguised flattery.And affection was what he most craved from his family and nearest friends, and what he gave to them without stint.As I have said, he allowed nothing to interrupt the hours set apart for his wife and children while he was at the White House; and at OysterBay there was always time for them.A、typical story is told of the boys coming in upon him during a conference with some important visitor, and saying reproachfully, "It’s long after four o’clock, and you promised to go with us at four. " "So I did," said Roosevelt.And he quickly finished his business with the visitor and went. When the children were young, he usually saw them at supper and into bed, and he talked of the famous pillow fights they had with him. House guests at the White House some times unexpectedly caught sight of him crawling in the entry near the children’s rooms, with two or three children riding on his hack. Roosevelt’s days were seldom less than fifteen hours long, and we can guess how he regarded the laboring men of today who clamor for eight and six, and even fewer hours, as the normal period for a day’s work. He got up at half-past seven and always finished breakfast by nine, when what many might call the real work of his day began. The unimaginative laborer probably supposes that most of the duties which fall to all industrious President are not strictly work at all;but if any one had to meet for an hour and a half every forenoon suchCongressmen and Senators as chose to call on him, he would understand that that was a job involving real work, hard work. They came every day with a grievance, or an appeal, or a suggestion, or a favor to ask, and he had to treat each one, not only politely, but more or less differently.Early in hisAdministration I heard it said that he offended someCongressmen by denying their requests in so loud a voice that others in the room could hear him, and this seemed to some a humilia- tion. President McKinley, on the other hand, they said, lowered his voice, and spoke so softly and sweetly that even his refusal did not jar on his visitor, and was not heard at all by the bystanders. If this happened, I suspect it was because Roosevelt spoke rather explosively and had a habit of emphasis, and not because he wished in any way to send his petitioner’s rebuff through the room. Nor was the hour which followed this, when he received general callers, less wearing.As these persons came from all parts of the Union, so they were of all sorts and temperaments. Here was a worthy citizen fromColorado who, on the strength of having once heard the President make a public speech inDenver, claimed immediate friendship with him. Then might come an old lady from Georgia, who remembered his mother’s people there, or the lady from Jacksonville, Florida, of whom I have already spoken. Once a little boy, who was almost lost in the crush of grown-up visitors, managed to reach the President. "What can I do for you " the President asked; and the boy told how his father had died leaving his mother with a large family and no money, and how he was selling typewriters to help support her. His mother, he said, would be most grateful if the President would accept a typewriter from her as a gift. So the President told the little fellow to go and sit down until the other visitors had passed, and then he would attend to him. No doubt, the boy left the White House well contented--and richer. How did the President treat the boy who had lost his fatherA．He asked the boy to leave immediately. B、He accepted a typewriter as a gift from the boy’s mother. C．He would rather stay alone with the boy. D．He would help the boy and the poor family. |
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| 第3题：There can be few who would knowingly eon done waste, whether of energy, of manpower or of financial assets. So why does our educational system make so little provision for those who, given the opportunity, could best help society achieve its objectives and expand its horizons Support programmes have long been established for children with learning difficulties and under-achievers. People argue that the resources are inadequate to meet the existing need and that greater efforts must be made, but at least the problem is being faceD、 At the opposite end of the ability scale is a group of children which one would logically expect to offer the greatest challenge and yield the greatest rewards, both for the children themselves and for society as a whole. Sadly, special provisions in this area are few and far between. Regional and district child guidance departments are all too conscious of the fact that some 2 per cent of the school population falls within the "gifted" category. Many have ready prepared lists of children in their areas who have high ability, in the hope of a positive programme of action being initiated at national or regional level. Lack of funds cannot be held wholly responsible for the seeming indifference to the problem. People think a "gifted" child has enough good fortune to be gifted and needs no further help.But such children are not always the happy and fulfilled young people one might expect.Classmates’ derision, mental boredom and frustration are not easy to live with, at best creating apathy and resignation, at worst invoking a rebellious response in the form of anti-social behaviour. Potential ability does not blossom without help and encouragement.All great artists and nusieians have needed to be taught the techniques of their craft and to explore the work of others, before embarking on their own creations. It has been said that a masterpiece is made up of 10 per cent genius and 90 per cent hard work. The power of concentration of these children and their capacity for work is extremely high and their thirst for wider experience apparently insatiable. With judicious handling they can produce amazing results in a short period of time. It is said that many children of high intelligence do not allow themselves to be "discovered" — for fear of becoming an outcast. Rather than risk losing their friends because of their high ability, they often conceal their potential talents. According to the author, children with learning difficulties ______. A、are given more help than gifted children B、have too much money spent on them C、must face up to their problems D、deserve more support than other children |
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| 第4题：Judgment was suspended till the following Monday because of the lack of evidence.
A．changed B．discussed C．postponed D．informed |
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| 第5题：Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other landmasses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient are A、 There is some dispute about the method of transport involveD、Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii. Yet the results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these hypotheses. More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal transport. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with ______. A、discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii B．discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii C．discussing the extent to which air currents are responsible for the dispersal of plant seeds to Hawaii D．resolving a dispute about the adaptability of’ plant seeds to bird transport |
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