考博习题练习

考博易错题（2019/4/8）
第1题：
A、wheel is any dish like object that can be used for transportation or in machinery. To be useful, a wheel must revolve (1) an axle, which is normally a shaft attached (2) the wheel’s center.
No one is exactly sure when the wheel was first (3) .But it is thought to have been in use during the earlyBronzeAge in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in the MiddleEast— (4) Iraq is located today. We know that ancient people there used (5) . These and other wheeled vehicles are shown in artwork from the area (6) back to 3500B、C、
How were such (7) developed The idea began when people placed logs as rollers under a platform. They were used to (8) heavy loads. The center of the logs may have been partly hewn, or carved away, (9) a narrow axle between solid, thick wheels at each enD、Some ancient MiddleEast people even wrapped leather tires around the solid wooden wheels attached to (10) carts.
Probably the first way (11) wheels were used other than for transportation was in pottery making. (12) beautiful and useful pieces of pottery, a potter puts a lump of clay on a horizontally placed wheel which is attached to an axle. (13) the potter sits facing the wheel and makes it spin, using a foot pedal. The potter molds the clay, using both hands (14) fingers, as the wheel spins. Thus the clay is (15) . Various objects (16) bowls, plates, vases, and cups are produced in this manner.
The wheel and axle also have other (17) . They are part of many (18) .An axle attached to a wheel, so that both spin at the same time, permits the use of small amounts of force to (19) very heavy loaD、This wheel-and-axle principle is used in all weight-lifting devices, such as cranes, hoists, and elevators. For example, by pulling a rope wrapped around the rim of a wheel, a person can lift a massive object with only a (20) amount of effort.

A、axlesB、wheels C、vehiclesD、artwork
【单选题】：      

The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers.Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts.Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are.Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not conflict; nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably ,an essential and desirable element of human societies.
Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.
Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.
第2题：{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}}
The passage is probably intended to answer the question" ______ ".A．Is war inevitable
B．Why is there conflict and competition
C．Is conflict desirable
D．Can competition lead to conflict
【单选题】：      
第3题：The local authorities seemed to ______ for the accident taking place last week.
A．share
B．take
C．criticize
D．blame
【单选题】：      

Small, pink and very ugly. Hardly the qualities of a star, but they describe the deformed mouse that was the media darling at a recent science exhibition inBeijing. With a complex tissue structure in the shape of a human ear grafted on to its back, the rosy rodent was a stunning symbol of the serious stridesChina is making in the field of biotechnology.
China is fast applying the latest life-science techniques learned from the West m aggressively pursue genome research. It’s establishing its own centers of technical excellence to build a scientific base to compete directly with the United States andEurope. With a plentiful supply of smart young scientists at home and lots of interest abroad biotechnology is on the brink of a boom inChina and in the view of foreign scientists,Beijing is playing a clever hand, maximizing the opportunities open to them.
For the moment, the cooperation exists mostly withEurope and the U. S.ButAsia’s other biotech leaders, Japan, Singapore and Korea, also are recognizingChina’s potential as an attractive low-cost base to conduct research. These partnerships--andChina’s advancement in the field of biotechnology--could help benefit the rest ofAsia:China’s rapid progress in improving crop yields will address food-security concerns in the region. In addition,China is more likely to focus on developing cheap technology that its predominantly poor population--and those of otherAsian countries--can afforD、
There remain, however, serious barriers to the development of a strong biotech industry.Among them are a poor domestic legal framework, weak enforcement of intellectual-property rights and loose adherence to international standards.China is a signatory of the InternationalBio Safety Protocol, which should mean adherence to global standards governing the conduct of field trims.But some observers are skeptical. "The regulations look good, but I haven’t met one scientist who believes they are being fully adhered to," says aEuropean science analyst.
If shortcuts are taken, then some of the recent scientific achievements trumpeted in the official press may never make it to market.But no matter how strict lab tests are, other problems lie in wait. For example, there is a number of tasks it would take years to fulfill in the patents office, says one lawyer, leaving innovators with little protection if they take a product to market inChinA、
第4题：
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}}Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements.Each question or statement is followed by four choices markedA,B,
C、andD、Read each passage carefully, and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoringAnswer Sheet.
{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
E、cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%" border=0>
The phrase "on the brink of a boom" (in boldface in Paragraph 2) in the context means ______.A．having an edge in competition
B．in great demand

C、on the way to success
D．preparing for challenge
【单选题】：      
第5题：移动办公室是经济、科技、社会三者发展进步的共同产物。通过无线互联平台(MIP)及其应用系统的支撑，移动办公室已经成为一种能够使用户获得随时随地、简便快捷、安全可靠、价格合理的通信和办公能力的解决方案。通过移动办公室和无线接入协议(WAP)技术，人们可以在任何时间任何地点办公，可以从移动电话、掌上电脑、个人数字助理(PDA、等终端设备上收发数据，遨游于互联网上。无线互联平台将因特网和移动通信网络有机地整合起来，为无线互联提供强大的应用支撑能力，是实现移动办公室重要的网络支撑技术。
【分析题】：

 

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