| 考博易错题（2019/4/9） |
| 第1题：Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads inBritain. Mile (21) mile, vehicle for ve hicle, you arc much (22) likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary roaD、On (23) hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to (24) than in a comparable accident (25) on the roads. Motorways have no (26) bends, no roundabouts or traffic lights and (27) speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is (28) in force, it is of ten treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas inBritain.Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps (29) ten meters between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups (30) one vehicle stops for some reason--mechanical failure, driver error and so on—have become all (31) familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How (32) of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred meters to brake to a stop (33) 70 mph.9Drivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. (34) wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, they (35) at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions (36) their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy (37) this motorway madness would be better driver educa tion.At present, learner drivers are barred (38) motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is (39) , thrown in at the deep enD、However, much more efficient poli cing is required, (40) it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness. A．but B．then C．them D．for |
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| 第2题： Why do some birds vary from place to place in their song repertoires of according to DK A．It comes about perhaps because of the change of their DNA. B．It comes about simply due to imitation of the other birds' manner. C．Because the birds have learned the local dialect by learning the local dialect from generation to generation. D．Both A and |
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| 第3题：A good deal of the ______ for his achievement in this field must go to his supervisor, Professor Fang.
A. credit B．reputation C．respect D．praise |
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| 第4题：Instead of advancing the public discussion of biotechnology,David Shenk succeeds merely in displaying his general ignorance and unfounded fears in his recent article "Biocapitalism" His claim that "no living creature has ever before been able to upgrade its own operating system" ignores transduction ( the act or process of transferring genetic material or characteristics from one bacterial cell to another) and bacterial conjugation (the temporary union of two bacterial cells), which are ways organisms have "upgraded" their own genomes with novelDN A、for hundreds of millions of years. A、first-year biology major could have told him that. For Shenk to suggest that his daughter may someday use a before-birth genetic test for "quick-wittedness" is extremely dun-witted, ignoring the complexity of polygenetic traits while embracing a shallow genetic determinism. Nurture ——utterly absent from his discussion ——really does matter. Finally, worrying about the effects on the gene pool of a "culture in which millions choose the same desirable genes" is worse than pointless. The United Nations projects an approximate human population of eight billion by the year 2020.Even if Shenk’s worst fears are realized, and the wealthy parents of 100 million children can and do select for a polygenetic trait ——say, blue eyes ——this would present only a modest shift in the gene pool of 1 in 80, or 1.25 percent, assuming that none of those children would otherwise have been born with blue eyes.But what truly matters for the gene pool in the 1000-year-long run is the capacity of this trait to grant reproductive success in subsequent generations. Whatever advantage blue eyes currently grant in acquiring a mate presumably derives in part from the trait’s relative scarcity.Elementary economics shows that if you flood the market with an asset, you diminish the relative value of that asset: more blue eyes will make blue eyes less sexy. Is it really too much to expect familiarity with either biology or economics from an essay entitled "Biocapitalism" Talking about the preference for blue eyes, the author argues that ______. A、blue eyes are purely inherited B．few people will have blue eyes C．blue eyes will be less sexy D．people with blue eyes are usually wealthy |
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| 第5题：For scientists who study human evolution, fossil remains provide the only direct evidence of our ancient ancestors.Access to these paleoanthropological Rosetta stones, how- ever, is limited by protective curators who are often reluctant to lend the fragile fossils.And in the case of fossil skulls, nature preserves critical information in the largely in- accessible interior.But help is on the way.At the annual meeting of theAmericanAssociation of PhysicalAnthropologists in Salt LakeCity this pastApril, researchers discussed how medical imaging, virtual reality and computer-controlled modelling technologies get around these obstacles noninvasively. Three-dimensional medical imaging based on computed tomographyCT) scans was developed in the early 1980s. On a computer, surgeons could electronically remove the patient’s soft tissue and then explore the virtual skull inside and out before operating. It wasn’t long before GlennConroy of Washington University and his colleagues demonstrated that these same techniques could also be applied to fossils, in which sediments take the place of soft tissue. With advances in computer graphics and computational power, paleoanthropologists can now perform on their computers a wide range of investigations that are impossible to attempt on the original fossil. Missing features on one Side of the skull can be re-created by mirroring the preserved features (postmortem deformations can be similarly rectified) and tiny, hidden structures such as the inner ear can be magnified for closer examination. Moreover, asChristoph P.E、Zollikofer and Marcias Ponce de Leon of the University of Zurich and others have shown, anthropologists can reconstruct fragmented fossils on-screen. The standard repertoire of measurements can also be made virtually, in most cases with the same degree of accuracy afforded by handheld calipers.And with the creation of a virtual "endocast", brain volume can be determined reliably. In fact,Conroy’s recent re- Search has revealed a major discrepancy between the estimated and actual brain volume of an early hominid called Stw 505 (or Mr. Pies).Conroy suspects that the estimated cranial capacity of some other fossils might also be incorrect--a hunch that, if substantiated, could have important implications for our understanding of brain evolution. Which of the following is NOT true A、It was GlennConroy and his colleagues who developed three-dimensional medical imaging based onCT. B、Conroy discovered the estimated brain volume of Mr. Pies was incorrect. C、Fossil has always been the only direct evidence of our ancient ancestors. D．Standard repertories of measurements made virtually have the same degree of accuracy with handheld calipers. |
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