| 考博易错题（2019/4/13） |
| 第1题：Battles are like marriages. They have certain fundamental experience they share in common; they differ infinitely, but still they are all alike. A、battle seems to me a conflict of wills to the death in the same way that a marriage of love is the identification of two human beings to the end of the creation of life—as death is the reverse of life, and love of hate.Battles are commitments to cause death as marriages are commitments to create life. Whether, for any individual, either union results in death or in the creation of new life, each risks it—and in the risk commits himself. As the servants of death, battles will always remain horrible. Those who are fascinated by them are being fascinated by death. There is no battle aim worthy of the name except that of ending all battles.Any other conception is, literally, suicidal. The fascist worship of battle is a suicidal drive; it is love of death instead of life. In the same idiom, to triumph in battle over the forces which are fighting for death is-again literally-to triumph over death. It is a surgeon’s triumph as he cuts a body and bloodies his hands in removing a cancer in order to triumph over the death that is in the body. In these thoughts I have found my own peace, and I return to an army that fights death and cynicism in the name of life and hope. It is a good army.Believe in it. Although the author says that battles are horrible, he also says that______. A、most people find fascination in them B．there is no battle aim worthy of the name C．one should love life and not death D．fighting to end battles is justifiable |
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| 第2题：The one accident situation where immediate action must be taken is when a person stops breathing. This might be the result of drowning, electrocution, suffocation, head injury caused by a fall, poisoning or a variety of other accidents. If someone has stopped breathing, however, there may be a simpler cause—the breathing passages may be blocked by food, vomit, saliva or even the tongue... Whatever the cause, it is imperative that breathing is restarted quickly, as otherwise brain damage may result.Act quickly: lay the casualty flat on his back, and pull back the head while holding the jaws clencheD、This prevents the tongue from falling back into the throat and blocking the air passages. If any foreign matter like sand or vomit can be seen in the victim’s mouth or throat, scoop it out with the fingers. False teeth are a particular hazard and often fall back into the throat of an unconscious person. If breathing does not start immediately, you must begin artificial respiration right away, by breathing directly into the casualty’s lungs through the mouth or nose...As you exhale deeply through the casualty’s nose, it is necessary to hold their mouth firmly closeD、If you are breathing into the mouth, however, pinch the nostrils to stop the escape of air. If the airways are not obstructed you will see the chest of the casualty’s lungs.Each time you blow, turn your head to check that there is regular rise and fall of the chest. This must be continued until breathing starts spontaneously, or in any event for at least an hour.As soon as the casualty starts to respond you should see an improvement in his colour, usually after the first dozen or so inflations. When breathing starts, it will be weak and shallow, and will still need assisting. Time your breaths to coincide with those of the casualty, as his breathing gradually strengthens. When breathing has restarted and can continue without help, the casualty will still be unconscious. He should be turned into the "unconscious’’ position, preferably with the body slightly higher than the head, and watched carefully to make sure that breathing continues.Don’t rush to get him to hospital. It is more important to make sure that breathing is strong and will continue while the casualty is being moveD、 Immediate treatment is necessary when an accident ease stops breathing to prevent ______. A、excessive vomitingB、heart failure C、brain injury D、blood poisoning |
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| 第3题： A、zone B．sector C．method D．fashion |
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| 第4题：The Single long a stock figure in stories, songs and personal ads. was traditionally someone at the margins of society: a figure of fun, pity or awe. In the place of withered spinsters and bachelors are people likeElizabeth de Kergorlay, a 29-year-old Parisian banker who views her independence and her own apartment as the spoils of professional success. As the sages would say, we are all ultimately alone.But an increasing number ofEuropeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. 45. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical meditations, but a fact ofEurope’s new economic landscape, embraced by demographers, realestate developers and ad executives alike. 46. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyles, observes French sociologist, Jean-Claude Kaufmanns, is part of the "irresistible momentum of individualism" over the last century. 47. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have wreaked havoc onEuropeans’ private lives. More and more of them are remaining on their own: they’re living longer, divorcing more and marrying later-if at all.British marriage rates are the lowest in 160 years of records. INSEE, France’s National Institute of Statistics, reports that the number of French people living alone doubled between 1968 and 1990. Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. 48. The current generation of homealoners came of age duringEurope’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate ofAmerican-style capital-ism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s techsavvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. ModernEuropeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.A、recent poll by the Institute FrancoisDominion Publique, the French affiliate of the Gallup poll, found that 58 percent of French respondents viewed living alone as a choice, not an obligation. OtherEuropean singles agree. "I’ve always wanted to be free to go on adventures," says IrisExpender, who lives by herself inBerlin. |
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| 第5题：Why would any woman in her fight mind choose to walk on the balls of her feet with her heels propped up by spikes The historical answer is that high heels reflect aristocratic tastes-specifically, the tastes of the seventeenth-century French court, which first popularized them inEurope. Not only did heels keep the wearer’s feet relatively mud free, they also created a physical elevation to match the social elevation of the stylish, exaggerated the strutting gait of the noble classes, and they suggested, by their very precariousness, that their owners could afford not to worry about falling on their faces. Indeed, asBernard Rudofsky points out, seventeenth-century wearers of high heels, men and women, frequently had to be transported in sedan chairs because they could not manage cobblestones on foot. Some "heels" in that era were actually full-soled platforms, and to walk on these things at all, one needed the constant elbow support of two Servants. The helplessness associated with the raised-heel style encouraged the notion that heeled persons were above having to care for themselves. In view of this, it is not surprising that even today it is women, almost exclusively, who wear heels. High heels are the cobbler’s contribution to what I have called the pedestal ploy. They link physical incapacity with the notion of woman as a "higher being"--too high to get along on her own. Women have taken to high heels, of course, because they feel, correctly, that they increase their attractiveness to men. Part of that increased attractiveness has to do with male fantasies of female fragility.As fashion-iconoclastElizabeth Hawes puts it, "The idea is that he, in his heavy shoes, should feel stronger and more capable than she on her fragile stilts. Never mind the realities."Another part of it may be biological. In his discussion of rump display among mammals,Dale Guthrie notes that the "lines of the buttocks, thigh, calf and ankle have a native sexual stimulation, but this can be increased with high-heeled shoes; the curves are exaggerated when the heel is lifteD、" Heels also exaggerate the lateral motion of buttocks the. ultimate function of high heels, therefore, may be to fuel the male belief that women are both impotent and seductive. The most important reason for women’s preference to high heels is that ______. A、biological weak-points can be reduced B、attractiveness to men is increased C、social elevation can be shown D、aristocratic tastes are reflected |
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