| 考博易错题（2019/4/26） |
| 第1题：If you develop a reputation for being able to keep secrets others will ______ towards you with useful news and gossip.
A．feel constrained B．feel excluded C．propel D．gravitate |
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| 第2题： The precious manuscripts were hopelessly ______ by long exposure in the cold, damp cellar. A．ruined B．damaged C．destroyed D．harmed |
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| 第3题： I like to go to the cinema when I am in the ______ for it. A．motive B．mind C．mood D．notion |
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| 第4题：71.You know as well as I do that scientists who misuse their science and their knowledge in order to make nuclear arms, or poison gas, or to manipulate genes could always be found and can still be founD、I have often wondered what is going on in the minds of such people. Do they not know what they are doingAre they tempted in their well-paid jobs by the men behind the scenes Or are they so obsessed with the hatred of an alien ideological concept or a foreign nation that they accept any means to kill their enemies, even though they are certainly aware that the whole world may be destroyed 72. Without doubt we can only agree with the Russian academician and biologist W.A、Engelhardt, who raised the question of the increasing responsibility of scholars and scientists in view of increasing global dangers, in the origin of which their creators, that is to say the scientists, have participateD、Above all this reproach is directed towards the natural sciences. Nevertheless we are not able to and will not slow down the process of scientific progress. There is no way back into some illusive idyll. The people who are dangerous are those who, wherever they are in the world, dedicate their knowledge and their talents to killing or even to possible world war. I think it is also a task for peace research to investigate the personality, the psyche, the motivations of scientists who believe in the possibility of solving the serious problems of humankind by technological means.A、still typical example of such narrow-mindedness was and unfortunately still is the assumption that SDI ( StrategicDefense Initiative) could eliminate the danger of a nuclear strike against the USA、 73. We must always be aware---to loosely cite the reflections of theEnglish Nobel prize winner M. H. F. Wikins--that dealing with science does not necessarily turn us into better human beings. On the contrary, research work that corresponds with our ideals demands very much from us as human beings. We need a great sense of responsibility and much energy in order to conduct creative research work for peace, and we have to remain modest in order as scientists to maintain our humanity. |
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| 第5题：Cloning shakes us all to our very souls. For humans to consider the cloning of one another forces them all to question the very concepts of right and wrong that make them all human. The cloning of any species, whether they be human or non-human, is wrong. Scientists and ethicists alike have debated the implications of human or non-human cloning extensively since 1997 when scientists at Roslin Institute in Scotland producedDolly. No direct conclusions have been drawn, but compelling arguments state that cloning of both human and non-human species results in harmful physical and psychological effects on both groups. The possible physical damage that could be done if human cloning became a reality is obvious when one looks at the sheer loss of life that occurred before the birth ofDolly. Less than ten percent of the initial transfers survive to be healthy creatures. There were 277 trial implants of nuclei. Nineteen of those 277 were deemed healthy while the others were discarde D、Five of those nineteen survived, but four of them died within ten days of birth of severe abnormalities.Dolly was the only one to survive.Even lan Wilmut, one of the scientists accredited with the cloning phenomenon at the Roslin Institute agrees, "the more you interfere with reproduction, the more danger there is of things going wrong." The psychological effects of cloning are less obvious, but nonetheless, very plausible. In addition to physical harms, there are worries about the psychological harms to cloned human children. One of those harms is that cloning creates serious issues of identity and individuality. Human cloning is obviously damaging to both the family and the cloned chil D、It is harder to convince that non-human cloning is wrong and unethical, but it is just the same. Western culture and tradition has long held the belief that the treatment of animals should be guided by different ethical standards than the treatment of humans.Animals have been seen as non-feeling and savage beasts since time began. Humans in general have no problem with seeing animals as objects to be used whenever it becomes necessary.But what would happen if humans started to use animals as body for growing human organs What if we were to learn how to clone functioning brains and have them grow inside of chimps Would non-human primates, such as a chimpanzee, who carried one or more human genes via transgenic technology, be defined as still a chimp, a human, a subhuman, or something else If defined as human, would we have to give it rights of citizenshipAnd if humans were to carry non-hum, an transgenic genes, would that alter our definitions and treatment of themAlso, if the technology were to be so that scientists could transfer human genes into animals and vice versa, it could create a worldwide catastrophe that no one would be able to stop. The arguments that cloning will have harmful effects ______. A、are very convincing B、have forced people to stop cloning C、have forced people to question the concept of cloning D、have compelled people to debate the implications of cloning |
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