| 考博易错题（2019/5/6） |
| 第1题：To test his theory, the chemist ______ an experiment.
A．set up B．set out C．set forth D．set in |
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| 第2题：{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}} Social sciences began to take shape in the 19th century, but came into their own at the beginning of the 20th century, when a number of well-established disciplines, including economics, sociology, political science, history and anthropology really made their mark. Geography and psychology could be added to that list. However, only sociology, political science and economics have succeeded in consolidating their position in the social sciences mainstream. The others were virtually all marginaliseD、Moreover, powerful institutional barriers now separate the various disciplines. Hardly the right atmosphere in which to grow and deal with the harsh criticism which the social sciences have come in for from many quarters, including governments and international commissions. Radical measures are now being suggested to turn things round, from how to award university chairs, to setting syllabi and raising funds. The need for decompartmentalising and striking a new order in the relationship between the disciplines concerns all of the social sciences, though perhaps economics most of all, Only it has acquired a dominant position in management and public affairs. Some would My it has fallen under the sway of "unitary thinking", with little room for debate, for example, on the question of debt reduction or monetary tightness. Moreover, many people do not believe that economic science forms part of social sciences at all. This is a somewhat problematic position to uphold, particularly as economic developments are largely determined by political, social and cultural factors. Yet, economists often have difficulty understanding or taking such factors into account. This has left economics exposed to attack, for example, over its prescriptions for development and its analysis of events, such as the causes of theAsian crisis. To many, economics relies too heavily on hypothetical and sometimes unrealistic assumptions. Can social sciences bounce back and assert themselves in the 21st century We will probably not be able to tell for a few decades, since the ways in which societies analyse themselves develop very slowly.After all, the social sciences are rarely given to sudden discoveries and headline breakthroughs like some other sciences. What is more, social sciences may continue to face the stout resistance of established institutions defending their own territory and opposing innovation and change.Could it be that society, which by definition seeks stability, has an in- built resistance towards indulging in any form of self-analysis Few people have an appetite for hard truth.But perhaps in the information age and in the dematerialised economy of the knowledge world, all that could change. Perhaps society will discover a pressing need to know itself much better, if only to survive. Social sciences will then have a different status. |
| 第3题：BenjaminDay was only 22 years old when he developed the idea of a newspaper for the masses and launched his New York Sun in 1833, which would profoundly alter journalism by his new approach. Yet, several conditions had to exist before a mass press could come into existence. It was impossible to launch a mass-appeal newspaper without invention of a printing press able to produce extremely cheap newspaper affordable almost to everyone. The second element that led to the growth of the mass newspaper was the increased level of literacy in the population. The then increased emphasis on education led to a concurrent growth of literacy as many people in the middle and lower economic groups acquired reading skills. The trend toward "democratization" of business and politics fostered the creation of a mass audience responsive to a mass press. Having seen.others fail in their attempts to market a mass-appeal newspaper, he forged ahead with his New York Sun, which would be a daily and sell for a penny, as compared to the other dailies that went for six cents a copy. Local happenings, sex, violence, features, and human- interest stories would constitute his content.Conspicuously absent were the dull political debates that still characterized many of the six-cent papers. Within six months the Sun achieved a circulation of approximately 8000 issues, far ahead of its nearest competitor.Day’s gamble had paid off, and the penny press was launcheD、 James GordonBennett, perhaps the most significant and certainly the most colorful of the individuals imitatingDay’s paper, launched his New York Herald in 1835, even more of a rapid success than the Sun. Part ofBennett’s success can be attributed to his skillful reporting of crime news, the institution of a financial page, sports reporting, and an aggressive editorial policy. He looked upon himself a reformer, and wrote in one of his editorials: "I go for a general reformation of morals... I mean to begin a new movement in the progress of civilization." Horace Greeley was another important pioneer of the erA、He launched his New York Tribune in 1841 and would rank third behind the Sun and Herald in daily circulation, but his weekly edition was circulated nationally and proved to be a great success. Greeley’s Tribune was not as sensational as its competitors. He used his editorial page for crusades and causes. He opposed capital punishment, alcohol, gambling and tobacco. Greeley also favored women’s rights. Greeley never talked down to the mass audience and attracted his readers by appealing to their intellect more than to their emotions. The last of the major newspapers of the penny-press era began in 1851. The New York Times, edited by Henry Raymond, promised to be less sensational than the Sun or the Herald and less impassioned than Greeley. The paper soon established a reputation for objective and reasoned journalism. Raymond stressed the gathering of foreign news and served as foreign correspondent himself in 1859. The Times circulation reached more than 40000 before theCivil The penny-press approach was pioneered by ______.A．Henry Raymond B．James GordonBennett C．BenjaminDay D．Joseph Pulitzer |
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| 第4题：The school authority ______ against students’ smoking both in the classrooms and at home. A、resolved B、determined C、banned D、prohibited |
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| 第5题：Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will the economy.
A．knock down B．drag down C．settle down D．put down |
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