| 考博易错题（2019/5/23） |
| 第1题： A、followed B．follows C．to follow D．following |
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| 第2题：Any person who is in ______ while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.
A. jeopardy B．custody C．suspicion D．probation |
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| 第3题： A、number of researchers have examined the variables/strategies that affect students’ learningEnglish as a second language. This report identifies some of the learner variables/strategies used by two students in a Hong Kong Technical Institute. The instruments for data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. The findings are discussed and some implications highlighteD、 What makes a "good" language learner "good", and what makes a "poor" language learner "poor" What does this imply for the teaching of language in the Hong Kong context These are the central questions of this assignment. The existing body of research attributes the differences between language learners to learner variables and learner strategies, learner variables include such things as differences in personality, motivation, style, aptitude and ageEllis, 1986: chap 5) and strategies refer to "techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning and recall of both linguistic and content area information"Chamot, 1987: 71). It is important to note here that what we are considering is not the fact that language learners do and can learn, but why there should be such variations in speed of learning, ability to use the target language, and in achieving examination grades, areas which generally lead to the classification of students as being either "good" or "poor". Learner variables and strategies have been the focus of a number of research projects, (O’Malley et al, 1985, Oxford, 1989). However, to the best of my knowledge, this area has not been researched in Hong Kong classrooms. Since I am a teacher ofEnglish working in Hong Kong, gleaning a little of what learner variables and strategies seem to work for local students seems to be a fruitful area of research. In discussing learner variables and strategies, we have to keep in mind the arbitrary nature of actually identifying these aspects.As the existing research point out, it is not possible to observe directly qualities such as aptitude, motivation and anxiety. (Oxford, 1986). We cannot look inside the mind of a language learner and find out what strategies, if any, they are using. These strategies are not visible processes.Also, as Naiman and his colleagues (1978) point out, no single learning strategy, cognitive style or learner characteristic is sufficient to explain success in language learning. The factors must be considered simultaneously to discover how they interact to affect success of failure in particular language learning situation. Bearing these constraints in mind, the aim of this assignment is to develop two small scale studies of the language learners attempting to gain an overall idea of what strategies are in use and what variables seem to make a difference to Hong Kong students. In paragraph 3 the writer uses the phrase "to the best of my knowledge..." because ______. A、she has good knowledge of this area B、she is not sure if the area has been researched in Hong Kong C、she thinks the area has been researched in Hong Kong D、she does not wish to take responsibility for any omissions in the bibliography |
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| 第4题：The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming.
A．intelligent B．ingenious C．adroit D．naive |
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| 第5题：At some time around 2300BC, give or take a century or two, a large number of the major civilizations of the world collapsed, in Mesopotamia,Egypt, Israel,Anatolia, and Greece, as well as inAfghanistan andChin A、All of them the first urban civilizations fell into rain at more or less the same time. A、thousand years later, around 1200BC, many of the civilizations of the same regions again collapsed at about the same time. The reasons for these widespread and apparently simultaneous disasters which coincided with changes to cultures and societies elsewhere, such as inBritain, have long been a fascinating mystery. Traditional explanations included warfare, famine, and more recently systems collapse, but the apparent absence of direct archaeological or written evidence for causes, as opposed to effects, has led many archaeologists and historians into a resigned assumption that no definite explanation can be founD、 Over the past 15 years, however, a new type of ’natural disaster’ has been proffered which is beginning to be regarded by many scholars as the most probable single explanation for widespread and simultaneous cultural collapse. The new theory has been advanced largely by astronomers and remains largely unknown by archaeologists (notable exceptions include ProfessorBaillie ofBelfast andDr.Euan Mackie in Glasgow). The theory postulates that the disasters were caused by the impact of comets or other types of cosmic debris on theEarth. French archaeologistChude Schaeffer, in 1948, published his analysis and compared the destruction layers of more than 40 archaeological sites. He was the first scholar to detect that all of the sites had been totally destroyed several times in theEarly, Middle and LateBronzeAge, apparently simultaneously. Since the damage did not show signs of military or other human involvement, and, in any case, was too excessive, he argued that repeated seismic activity might have been responsible. Schaeffer was not taken seriously in 1948, but since then natural scientists have found widespread and unambiguous evidence for abrupt climate change, sudden sea level changes, catastrophic inundations, and seismic activity at several periods since the last IceAge, particularly around 2300B C、Areas such as the Sahara, which were once farmed, became deserts. Tree rings show disastrous conditions at 2350B C、In Mesopotamia the land appears to have been inundated, devastated, or totally burneD、 Scholars who, following Schaeffer, favor earthquakes as the principal cause of civilization collapse, argue that the world can expect earthquakes every 1000 ～2000 years, leading to abandonment of sites; while scholars who prefer climate change as the principal cause argue that severe droughts caused agriculture to fail and that .societies inexorably fell apart as a result. The question remained what caused the climate change or the earthquakes.By the late 1970’sBritish astronomersClube and Napier of Oxford University had begun to investigate cometary impact as the ultimate cause. In 1980, the Nobel prize-winning chemist LuisAlvarez and his colleagues published their paper arguing that a cosmic impact had caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. He showed that large amounts of iridium found in geological layers from the time of the dinosaurs had a cosmic origin. Alvarez’s paper stimulated further research byClube and Napier, Professor MarkBailey,Duncan Steel and Sir Fred Hoyle.All now support the theory of cometary impact and what is now known as theBritish School ofCoherentCatastrophism. The basis of the more recent disaster theory involves ______. A、comets. B、comets or material from comets. C、earthquakes, tidal waves, and volcanic eruptions. D．climate chang |
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