| 考博易错题（2019/5/29） |
| 第1题： Language, like food, is a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life might be ______ and damaged. A．starved B．stunned C．shocked D．segregated |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第2题： 2 On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices "active" euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal (致死的) drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an ultimate cure. "Active" euthanasia remains a crime on theDutch statute books, punishable by 12 years in prison.But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it clear that a competent physician who car ries it out will not be prosecuteD、 Euthanasia, often called "mercy killing" is a crime everywhere in WesternEu- rope.But more and more doctors and nurses readily admit to practicing it, most often in the "passive" form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering eutha- nasia issue has lately boiled over into a, sometimes, fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves upholding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the banner of hu mane treatment.After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining grounD、Recent polls inBritain show that 72 percent ofBritish subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances.An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll taken last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings. Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy inEurope since at least 1936, when a bill was introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized mercy killing under very tightly supervised conditions. That bill failed, as have three others introduced in the House of Lords since then. Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to finD、Europeans, likeAmericans, are now living longer. Therefore, lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.And the euthanasists argue that every hu man being should have the right to "die with dignity," by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization (住院治疗). Most experts believe that euthanasia will continue to be practiced no matter what the law says. What is the comment of the author on the problem of euthanasiaA．Euthanasia is not regarded as a crime in France. B、More and more medical workers like to practice euthanasia, no matter what form it takes. C．The problem of euthanasia is now being debated heatedly and openly. D．There is not much difference between "active" and "passive" euthanasi |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第3题： A．relation B．consumption C．condition D．consideration |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第4题：In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private—should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However, if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same.Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus, one would expect that, if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on women’s earnings as compared with their earnings from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs’ results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal. In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis,Brown selected a large sample of white male and female workers from the 1970 census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employeD、Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were the result of racial disparities.)Brown’s research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the study’s results.Brown’s results suggest that men and women are not treated the came by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reverseD、 One can infer fromBrown’s results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions. Brown’s results are clearly consistent with Fuchs’ argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either government or private employers.Also, the fact the women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discriminating is not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector. Which of the following conclusions would the author be most likely to agree with about discrimination against women by private employers and by government employers A、Both private employers and government employers discriminate with equal effects on women’s earnings. B、Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on women’s earnings. C、Both private employers and government employers discriminate, but the discrimination by government employers has a greater effect on women’s earnings. D、Private employers discriminate: it is possible that government employers discriminate. |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第5题：Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to designate things or processes which have no names in ordinaryEnglish, and partly to secure greater exactness in nomenclature. Such special dialects, or jargons, are necessary in technical discussion of any kinD、Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of theEnglish language than actually within its borders. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very olD、Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are mole familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech.And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guilD、The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modem views and recent discoveries.Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace. The writer of this article is most probably ______.A．a hnguist B．a scientist C．an essayist D．a physician |
| 【单选题】： |