| 考博易错题（2019/6/12） |
| 第1题：Ever hear of the lemming Lemmings are arctic rat-like animals with very odd habits: periodically, for unknown reasons, they mass together in large herd and commit suicide by rushing into deep water and drowning themselves. They all run in together, blindly, and not one of them ever seems to stop and ask, "Why am I doing this Is this really what I ’want to do " and thus save it serf from destruction. Obviously, lemmings are driven to perform their strange suicide rites by common instinct. People choose to "follow the herd" for more complex reasons, yet we are still too often the unwilling victims of the bandwagon appeal. Essentially, the bandwagon urges us to an action or an opinion because it is popular—be- cause "everyone else is doing it." This call to "get on the bandwagon" appeals to the strong de- sire in most of us to be one of the crowd, not to be left out or alone.Advertising makes extensive use of the bandwagon appeal, bat so do politicians. Senator Yakalot uses the bandwagon appeal when he says "more and more citizens are rallying to my cause every day," and asks his audience to "join them—and me—in our fight forAmericA、" One of the ways we can see the bandwagon appeal at work is in the overwhelming success of various fashions and trends, which capture the interests of thousands of people for a short time, then disappear suddenly and completely. For a year or two in the 1950S every child in NorthAmerica wanted a coonskin cap so that they could be likeDavyCrockett; no one wanted to be left out.After that there was the hula-hoop craze that helped to dislocate thousands ofAmericans. The problem here is obvious: just because everyone’s doing it doesn’t mean that we should too. Group approval does not approve that something is true or is worth doing: Large numbers of people have supported actions we now condemn. Just a generation ago, Hitler and Mussolini rose to absolute and destructive rule in two of the most cultured countries ofEurope. When they came into power they won by massive popular support from millions of people who didn’t want to be "left out" atA、great historical moment. As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or distracting our attention from the real issues at hanD、But there’s third way that propaganda can be put to work against us—by use of faulty logiC、This approach is really subtler than the other two because it gives the appearance of reasonable, fair argument. It is only when we look more closely that the holes in logic fiber show up. In this article, "bandwagon appeal" refers to______. A、a mass consensus among young people B、a universal way of thinking C、the pursuit of a moral code of behavior D、the desire to support a popular course of action |
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| 第2题： Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage A．The writer's intended journey created particular difficulties in his lemming of Arabic. B．The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure. C．The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding. D．The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheek |
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| 第3题： A、The second new generation showed purple-white flowereD、 B．The first new generation all had white flowers. C．The second new generation were all purple-flowereD、 D．The first new generation carried the both plants’ features. |
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| 第4题：Placing a human being behind the wheel of an automobile often has the same curious effect as cutting certain fibres in the brain. The result in either case is more primitive behaviour. Hostile feelings are apt to be expressed in an aggressive way. The same man who will step aside for a stranger at a doorway will, when behind the wheel, risks an accident trying to beat another motorist through an intersection. The importance of emotional factors in automobile accidents is gaining recognition.Doctors and other scientists have concluded that the highway death toll resembles an epidemic and should be investigated as such. Dr RossA、McFarland,Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene at the Harvard University School of Public Health, said that accidents "now constitute a greater threat to the safety of large segments of the population than diseases do." Accidents are the leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 35.About one third of all accidental deaths and one seventh of all accidental injuries are caused by motor vehicles. Based on the present rate of vehicle registration, unless the accident rate is cut in half, one of every 10 persons in the country will be killed or injured in a traffic accident in the next 15 years. Research to find the underlying causes of accidents and to develop ways to detect drivers who are apt to cause them is being conducted at universities and medical centres. Here are some of their findings so far: A、man drives as he lives. If he is often in trouble with collection agencies, the courts, and police, chances are he will have repeated automobile accidents.Accident repeaters usually are egocentric, exhibitionistic, resentful of authority, impulsive, and lacking in social responsibility.As group, they can be classified as borderline psychopathic personalities, according toDr. McFarlanD、 The suspicion, however, that accident repeaters could be detected in advance by screening out persons with more hostile impulses is false.A、study at the University ofColorado showed that there were just as many overly hostile persons among those who had no accidents as among those with repeated accidents. Psychologists currently are studyingDenver high school pupils to test the validity of this concept. They are making psychological evaluations of the pupils to see whether subsequent driving records will bear out their thesis. According to the article, studies at leading universities have shown that accident repeaters ______.A．can be detected in advance B．are in trouble with collection agencies C．cannot be discovered on the basis of generally hostile attitudes D．drive entirely differently from the way they usually live |
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| 第5题：The word "foolish" is too mild to describe your behavior, I would prefer the word ______.
A．ideological B．idyllic C．idiotic D．idiomatic |
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