| 考博易错题（2019/6/18） |
| 第1题：Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education, I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lot of good labs and research equipment.But that’s not what I diD、 I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them. I headed off to college, feeling sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering "factories" where they didn’t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one. Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do.After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal arts courses in college. The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult. According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts, engineering students can ______.A．broaden their horizons B．become noble idealists C．receive guidance in their careers D．balance engineering and the liberal arts |
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| 第2题： Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, theCourt in effect supported the medical principle of "double effect, "a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to control terminally iii patients’ pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient. NancyDubler, director of Montefiore MedicalCenter, contends that the principle will shield doctors who "until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death." GeorgeAnnas, chair of the health law department atBoston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. "It’s like surgery," he says. "We don’t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn’t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you’re a physician, you can risk your patient’s suicide as long as you don’t intend their suicide." On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. Just three weeks before theCourt’s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the NationalAcademy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report,ApproachingDeath: ImprovingCare at theEnd of Life. It identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of "ineffectual an forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twi problems of end-of-life care. The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a medicare billing code for hospital-base care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life. Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiative translate into better care. "Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering", to the extent that it constitutes "systematic patient abuse". He says medical licensing boards "must make it clear.., that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are incompetently managed and should result in license suspension". |
| 第3题：There are three bodies of writing that ______ on this question and we will consider each in turn.
A．bear B．live C．count D．rely |
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| 第4题：Motorways are, no doubt the safest roads inBritain. Mile (41) mile, vehicle for vehicle, you are much (42) likely to be killed or seriously injured than on an ordinary roaD、 On (43) hand, if you do have a serious accident on a motorway, fatalities are much more likely to (44) than in a comparable accident (45) on the roads. Motorways have no (46) bends,, no roundabouts or traffic lights and (47) speeds are much greater than on other roads. Though the 70 mph limit is (48) in force, it is often treated with the contempt that most drivers have for the 30 mph limit applying in built up areas inBritain.Added to this is the fact that motorway drivers seem to like traveling in groups with perhaps (49) ten metres between each vehicle. The resulting horrific pile-ups (50) vehicle stops for some reason mechanical failure, driver error and so on have become all (51) familiar through pictures in newspapers or on television. How (52) of these drivers realize that it takes a car about one hundred metres to brake to a stop (53) 70 mphDrivers also seem to think that motorway driving gives them complete protection from the changing weather. (54) wet the road, whatever the visibility in mist or fog, on they (55) at ridiculous speeds oblivious of police warnings or speed restrictions (56) their journey comes to a conclusion. Perhaps one remedy (57) this motorway madness would be better driver education.At present, learner drivers are bared (58) motorways and are thus as far as this kind of driving is (59) thrown in at the deep enD、However, much more efficient policing is required, (60) it is the duty of the police not only to enforce the law but also to protect the general public from its own foolishness. A．everywhere B．elsewhere C．anywhere D．somewhere |
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| 第5题：Direct advertising includes all forms of sales appeals, mailed, delivered, or exhibited directly to the prospective buyer of an advertised product or service, without use of any indirect medium, such as newspapers or television.Direct advertising logically may be divided into three broad classifications, namely, direct-mail advertising, mail order advertising, and unmailed direct advertising. All forms of sales appeals that are sent through the mails are considered direct-mall advertising. The chief functions of direct-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the products local distributors. The direct-mall appeal is designed also to support the sales activities of retailers by encouraging the continued patronage of both old and new customers. When no personal selling is involved, other methods are needed to persuade people to send in orders by mail. In addition to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, other special devices, order promotions are designed to accomplish a complete selling job without salespeople. Used for the same broad purposes as direct-mail advertising, unrolled direct-mail advertising, includes all forms of indoor advertising displays and all printed sales appeals distributed from door to door, handed to customers in retail stores or conveyed in some other manner directly to the recipient. With each medium competing keenly for its share of the business, advertising agencies continue to develop new techniques for displaying and selling wares and services.Among these techniques have been vastly improved printing and reproduction methods in the graphic field, adapted to magazine advertisements and to direct-mail enclosures; the use of color in newspaper advertisements and in television; and outdoor signboards more attractively designed and efficiently lighteD、Many subtly effective improvements are suggested by advertising research. Direct-mail advertising ______. A、uses letters as a chief means of providing information B、sends old customers detailed information about new products C、uses letters to tell prospective buyers about the local sellers D、sends over the prospective buyers sample products by parcels |
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