| 考博易错题（2019/7/10） |
| 第1题： A、She is in the family way. B．She’s caught a colD、 C．She has a sinus infection. D．She’s allergic to pets. |
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| 第2题：It is curious to note how slowly the mechanism of the intellectual life improves.Contrast the ordinary library facilities of a middle-classEnglish home, such as the present writer is now working in, with the inconveniences and deficiencies of the equipment of anAlexandrian writer, and one realizes the enormous waste of time, physical exertion, and attention that went on through all the centuries during which that library flourishe D、Before the present writer lie half a dozen books, and there are good indices to three of them. He can pick up any one of these six books, refer quickly to a statement, verify a quotation, and go on writing.Contrast with the tedious un- folding of a rolled manuscript.Close at hand are two encyclopedias, a dictionary, an atlas of the world, a biographical dictionary, and other books of reference. They have no marginal indices, it is true, but that, perhaps, is asking too much at present. There were no such resources in the world in 300 B、C、Alexandria had still to produce the first grammar and the first dictionary. This present book is being written in manuscript; it is then taken by a typist and typewritten very accurately. It can then, with the utmost convenience, be read over, corrected amply, rearranged freely, retyped, and recorrecte D、TheAlexandrian author had to dictate or recopy every word he wrote.Before he could turn back to what he had written previously, he had to dry his last words by waving them in the air or pouring sand over them; he had not even blotting-paper. Whatever an author wrote had to be recopied again and again before it could reach any considerable circle of readers, and every copyist introduced some new error. New books were dictated to a roomful of copyists, and so issued in a first edition of some hundreds at least. In Rome, Horace and Virgil seem to have been issued in quite considerable editions. Whenever a need for maps or diagrams arose, there were fresh difficulties. Such a science as anatomy, for example, depending as it does upon accurate drawing, must have been enormously hampered by the natural limitations of the copyist. The transmission of geographical fact again must have been almost incredibly tedious. No doubt a day will come when a private library and writing desk of the year A、 D、1925 will seem quaintly clumsy and difficult; but, measured by the standards ofAlexandria, they are astonishingly quick, efficient, and economical of nervous and mental energy. In developing his idea, the author used ______ in writing. A、comparison B、contrast C．simile D、metaphor |
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| 第3题："You are very selfish. It’s high time you ______ that you are not the most important person in the world,"Edgar said to his boss angrily. A、realized B、have realized C、realize D、should realize |
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| 第4题：{{B}}Passage Three{{/B}} A、charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often g0.ilty of cruelty than those who had not.Every child has aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action.As to fears, there are I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises form the child having heard the story once. familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into other pleasure of the fear faced and mastereD、 There are also people who object fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that faints, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist, and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their ease were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfrienD、 No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external work and no sane child had ever believed that it was. |
| 第5题：Does an unborn baby know his mother’s voice Psychology professorAnthonyDeCasper advised an ingenious experiment to find out. He placed padded earphones over a newborn’s ears and gave him a bottle nipple attached to a closed rubber tube.Changes in pressure in the tube switched channels on a tape recorder. If the baby paused extra long between bursts of sucking, he heard on channel; if he paused shorter than average, he heard the other. The baby now had the ability, in effect, to change channels. DeCasper found that newborns choose the recording of their mother’s voice over that of another woman’s. The baby, however, has no innate interest in his father’s voice, which is heard in the womb only from time to time, while the mother’s voice is ever present. Within two weeks after birth, however, the baby can recognizeDad’s voice too. A、newborn is even attuned to the cadence and rhythm of his native language. In a French study using a setup similar toDeCasper’s, French babies given the choice between French and Russian words responded more to the sound of French. Brian Satt, a research specialist in clinical psychology, has parents sing a lullaby-like "womb song" to their babies. The unborn baby often develops a specific, consistent movement pattern when its song is sung.According to Salt, most parents can calm a fussy newborn with the song most of the time, which is a prize worth more than rubies to a new parent. He is roused by a heavy jolt. His mother has tripped and fallen heavily on one hip. He is much too well cushioned to experience any injury, but her pain and the fear that she may have hurt him floods both their bodies with adrenaline and other stress-related hormones. He cries and kicks vigorously, a cry never heard because there is no air to make sounD、As she recovers the stress hormones ebb away, and he calms down too. According to the author, an unborn baby ______. A、is unable to identify his mother’s lullaby after birth B．is able to identify his mother’s voice rather than that of others’ C．is able to help release adrenaline and other stress-related hormones D．is able to distinguish French accent from Russian accent |
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