| 考博易错题（2019/7/16） |
| 第1题：The Renaissance embraced, first of all, an impressive record of new achievements in art, literature, science, philosophy, education and religion.Although die foundation of many of these was classical, they soon expanded beyond the measure of Greek and Roman influence. Indeed, many of the achievements in painting, science, politics and religion bore little relation to the classical heritage. Secondly, the Renaissance incorporated a number of dominant ideas and attitudes that gave it the impress of a unique society. Notable among these in general were optimism, and individualism; but the most significant of them all was humanism. In its broadest meaning humanism may be defined as emphasis on the human values. It was a term derived fromCicero, who used it in the sense of devotion to the liberal arts, or the subjects most compatible with the dignity of man. The humanists rejected the Scholastic philosophy with its preoccupation with theology and logiC、They strove for a smooth and elegant style that would appeal more to the aesthetic than to the rational side of man’s nature. |
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| 第2题： He is holding a ______ position in the company and expects to be promoted soon. A．subordinate B．succeeding C．successive D．subsequent |
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| 第3题：Instead of advancing the public discussion of biotechnology,David Shenk succeeds merely in displaying his general ignorance and unfounded fears in his recent article "Biocapitalism" His claim that "no living creature has ever before been able to upgrade its own operating system" ignores transduction ( the act or process of transferring genetic material or characteristics from one bacterial cell to another) and bacterial conjugation (the temporary union of two bacterial cells), which are ways organisms have "upgraded" their own genomes with novelDN A、for hundreds of millions of years. A、first-year biology major could have told him that. For Shenk to suggest that his daughter may someday use a before-birth genetic test for "quick-wittedness" is extremely dun-witted, ignoring the complexity of polygenetic traits while embracing a shallow genetic determinism. Nurture ——utterly absent from his discussion ——really does matter. Finally, worrying about the effects on the gene pool of a "culture in which millions choose the same desirable genes" is worse than pointless. The United Nations projects an approximate human population of eight billion by the year 2020.Even if Shenk’s worst fears are realized, and the wealthy parents of 100 million children can and do select for a polygenetic trait ——say, blue eyes ——this would present only a modest shift in the gene pool of 1 in 80, or 1.25 percent, assuming that none of those children would otherwise have been born with blue eyes.But what truly matters for the gene pool in the 1000-year-long run is the capacity of this trait to grant reproductive success in subsequent generations. Whatever advantage blue eyes currently grant in acquiring a mate presumably derives in part from the trait’s relative scarcity.Elementary economics shows that if you flood the market with an asset, you diminish the relative value of that asset: more blue eyes will make blue eyes less sexy. Is it really too much to expect familiarity with either biology or economics from an essay entitled "Biocapitalism" Talking about the preference for blue eyes, the author argues that ______. A、blue eyes are purely inherited B．few people will have blue eyes C．blue eyes will be less sexy D．people with blue eyes are usually wealthy |
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| 第4题：Christopher Peake's hair didn't look so bad because ______.
A．he was wearing a handsome tuxedo B．he was wearing tulips on his suit C．he was seen among flowers D．he was sitting near flowers and in very soft light |
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| 第5题：{{B}}Passage 2{{/B}} Before picking a firewall, companies need to adopt security policies.A、security policy states who or what is allowed to connect to whom or what. You can group all users by department or classification. The better firewall products let you drag and drop groups in a graphical user interface (GUI) environment to define network security easily. Two methods are most often used together to establish an Internet firewall. They are application and circuit gateways, as well as packet filtering. With application and circuit gateways, all packets are addressed to a user-level application on a gate-way that relays packets between two points. With most application gateways, additional packet-filter machines are required to control and screen traffic between the gateway and the networks.A、typical configuration includes two routers. With a bastion host that serves as the application gateway sitting between them. A、drawback to application and circuit gateways is that they slow network performance. This is because each packet must be copied and processed at least twice by all the communication layers. Packet-filter gateways, which act as routers between two nets, are less secure than application gateways but more efficient. They are transparent to many protocols and applications, and they require no changes in client applications, no specific application management or installation, and no extra hardware. Using a single, unified packet-filter engine, all net traffic is processed and then for- warded or blocked from a single point of control. However, most packet filters are state- less, understand only low-level protocols, and are difficult to configure and verity. In addition, they lack audit mechanisms. Some packet filters are implemented inside routers, limiting computing power and filtering capabilities. Others are implemented as s9ftware packages that filter the packets in application-layer processes, an inefficient approach that requires multiple data copies, expensive delays and context switches and delivers lower throughput. So what’s a network administrator to do Some vendors are developing firewalls that overcome many of these problems and combine the advantages of application gateways and packet filtering. These efficient, protocol-independent, secure firewall engines are capable of application-level security, user authentication, unified support, and handling of all protocols, auditing and altering. They are transparent to users and to system setup, and include a GUI for simple and flexible system management and configuration. |