| 考博易错题（2019/7/19） |
| 第1题：This week marks the 10th anniversary of theAlar apple scare, in which manyAmerican consumers were driven into a panic following the release of a report by an environmental organization claiming that apples containing the chemicalAlar posed a serious health threat to preschoolers. The report was disseminated through a PR (Problem Report) campaign and bypassed any legitimate form of scientific peer re view. Introduced to theAmerican public byCBS "60 Minutes," the unsubstantiated claims in the report led some school districts to remove apples from their school lunch programs and unduly frightened conscientious parents trying to develop good eating habits for their children. Last month,Consumers Union released a report wanting consumers of the perils of consuming many fruits and vegetables that frequently contained "unsafe" levels of pesticide residues. This was especially true for children, they claimed, lake its predecessor 10 years earlier, theConsumers Union report received no legitimate scientific peer review and the public’s first exposure to it was through news coverage. Not only does such reporting potentially drive children for consuming healthful fruits and vegetables, the conclusions were based on a misleading interpretation of what constitutes a "safe" level of exposure.Briefly, the authors used values known as the "chronic reference doses," set by the U.S. environmental ProtectionAgency, as their barometers of safely. Used appropriately, thee levels represent the maximum amount of pesticide that could be consumed daily for life without concern. For a 70-year lifetime, for example, consumers would have to ingest this ’average amount of pesticide every day for more than 25,000 days. It is clear, as the report points out, that there are days on which kids may be exposed to more; it is also clear that there are many more days when exposure is zero. Had the authors more appropriately calculated the cumulative exposures for which the safety standards axe meant to apply, there would have been no risks and no warnings. Parents should feel proud, rather than guilty, of providing fruits and vegetables for their children. It is well established that a diet rich in such foods decreases the risk of heart disease and cancer. Such benefits dramatically overwhelm the theoretical risks of tiny amounts of pesticides in fooD、So keep serving up the peaches, apples, squash, grapes and pears. The "chronic reference doses" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) refer to ______. A、the safe levels of pesticide exposure B、the amount of fruits one can safely eat C、one’s digestive capacity for fruits D、health values of fruits and vegetables |
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| 第2题：With the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spareD、If you end up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one. First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last job with your exboss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the same explanation.Agree on job titles ac cordingly.Also ask for a reference if you think your exboss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance. You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim.Don’t panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less takeout lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weekenD、Make a note of your job hunting expenses, such as career counselors’ consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts.By next year’s taxfiling time, you could get deductions on your jobsearch expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your first job). Most companies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for them.But it doesn’t mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is something calledConsolidated OmnibusBudget ReconciliationActCOBRA、in the United States that legally protects an exemployee’s right to stay in the company’s health care plan. However, the company will stop paying your premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a good option compared to no health insurance at all. Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is your 401(k) ac count.A、401(k) is the retirement fund that most companies offer. It’s named after section 401(k) in the Internal Revenue Service’s policy documents. You put aside a percentage of your paycheck each pay period, and the money accumulated will be managed by the 401 (k) fund manager your employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account until you reach this age, or you will incur penal ties. When you leave a job, the money can sometimes be kept with your exemployer for a while. It’s always a good idea to compare your new employer’s 401(k) plan with your old one.Every company offers different types of investment options, from overseas stocks to hightech stocks and everything in between. If you do want to transfer the account to your new employer, you need to go to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you make the transition. Don’t forget to ask for job leads from your excoworkers.Even if you are leaving for a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help with your job search. Keep in touch with the friends you have made at your old joB、Remember to anchor yourself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier. Which statement is true according to this passage A、401(k) account can be terminated by the employers anytime they want. B、401(k) account can be withdrawn by the unemployed staff before their retirement. C、401(k) fund is invested in international stock market only. D、401(k) account can be transferred from one’s ex-employer to one’s new employer. |
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| 第3题：If you call the 911 emergency number, they will ______ firemen, policemen, and paramedics immediately.
A．assign B．detach C．attach D．dispatch |
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| 第4题：The airline ______me for the amount they had overcharged me. A、bartered B、remitted C、reinstated D、reimbursed |
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| 第5题：Assuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect In high-income regions, (41) NorthAmerica, our picture suggests that the share of traffic (42) supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speed transport rises sharply. In developing countries, we (43) the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these (44) in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of lowspeed mil transport will probably continue its strongly (45) decline. We expect that throughout the period 1990～2050, the (46) NorthAmerican will continue to devote most of his or her 1.1-hour travel-time (47) to automobile travel. The very large demand (48) air travel (or high-speed mil travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (49) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel (50) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes.Buses will persist (51) the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. (52) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and (53) lowspeed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (54) of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the (55) . A、outcomes B．trends C．declines D．impacts |
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