考博习题练习

考博易错题（2019/7/24）
第1题：Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change (1) the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes (2) considered taboo can become perfectly (3) and natural (4) another point in time. Topics such as death, fro example, were once considered so (5) and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the (6) of important books such as OnDeath andDying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more (7) of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, (8) a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos inAmerican society is the topic of fat. (9) many other taboos, fat is a topic thatAmericans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to fat. The " (10) " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their (11) as well as their products to the publiC、The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought (12) as lazy and (13) in energy, self-discipline and self-respect.After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".
It’s not surprising, then, that millions ofAmericans have become (14) with staying slim and "in shape". The (15) of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason forAmerica’s obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the (16) importance of diet and exercise for personal health.As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of NorthAmericans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do (17) hanD、Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point.As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and (18) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions ofAmericans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found (19) , and many companies are providing special exercise (20) for their employees to use during the work day.
A．lacking
B．lack
C．loss
D．short
【单选题】：      

第2题：
A、Several months ago.
B．Three years ago.
C．Five years ago.
D．Eight years ago.
【单选题】：      

第3题：National Parks have more and more visitors each year. In the last ten years the number of campers using the camp sites has more than doubleD、Camping as a family vacation has suddenly become extremely popular inAmeric
A、It is a cheap way to travel; its simple pleasures are a pleasant change from hectic urban life; and it can be enjoyed by children of all ages.
In car trunks or in racks on top of cars, families load a tent, sleeping bags, inflatable mattresses, cooking pans and eating utensils, and an ice chest for storing fooD、When they arrive at a camping ground they find a cleared space in which to pitch their tent, a fireplace for cooking, and usually a picnic table and benches--water and firewood nearby.By evening they are settled under the stars, the campsite around them dotted with lights from cooking fires and lanterns hung from trees.
Vacations are not all in resorts or in the wilderness. Swarms of vacationingAmericans visit New York and Washington each year. They visit New York because there is no place in the world like this tremendous, exciting city, the busiest port in the world, with its great steel and glass skyscrapers, its theaters and shops, its beauty of skyline and shoreline, and its thrilling five-cent ferry ride past the Statue of Liberty. They visit Washington because it is the nation’s capital, where they can see their government at work, tour the public rooms of their President’s home, the White House, and walk along the wide avenues to the art galleries and museums. Here they can see exhibits of the native peoples of their land--the Indians and theEskimos. They can look at Lindbergh’s small, fragile plane in which he crossed theAtlantic Ocean. They can ride the elevator to the top of the Washington Monument, visit Washington’s Mount Vernon home, and feel the shiver of national pride as they stand at the foot of the great Lincoln Monument and read the stirring words of his GettysburgAddress.
ForAmericans vacation time ends on LaborDay--the first Monday in September. LaborDay is the day when summer cottages are closed, when families head back to their homes. The highways are jammed with cars. The cars are jammed with families and belongings and treasures of the summer.By the time the drivers are back home they sometimes feel that what they need is a vacation.
Which of the following is not an attraction of Washington
A、Tile public rooms of the White House.
B．The great Lincoln Monument.
C．The Statue of Liberty.
D．Exhibits of the native people ofAmeric
【单选题】：      

The days when the only fender a businessman needed to stave off a midlife crisis was on the end of a Ferrari are gone. This year he needs to dig deep and purchase the Fender JazzBass he dreamed of as an acne-ridden youth. Guitars have seen a massive resurgence in the past few years, propping up the music retail industry and overtaking the keyboarD、Sales of electric guitars have jumped 30 per cent in two years, bass guitars 11 per cent in the past 12 months.Barry Moorhouse, whose bass and acoustic centre, House of Guitars, has long been a Mecca for rock stars, recognized the trend and relocated his business toBmne Street on the edge of the city. The wisdom of the move was evident at the new shop’s opening when insurance brokers and IT consultants appeared at his door like disciples drawn to a shrine. Silently they stood eyeing the gleaming rainbow of guitars-angular or curvaceous, simple or ostentatious.
Charlie Pearch, 46, a customer, explained: "I’m having a midlife crisis. First I bought a HarleyDavidson and then I thought I would learn to play the guitar. My wife thinks it’s better to have a motorbike and play the guitar than chase young girls." Seven months ago, Mr. Pearch went into a guitar shop to avoid the rain.A、short while later he left with a pounds 800 Fender Stratocaster. Mr. Moorhouse, 49, believes the generation that grew up with guitar bands is now intent on recapturing its youth, with the added bonus that a father can share his interest with his son. "Nowadays they can indulge that passion because they have the disposable income," Mr. Moorhouse saiD、"I get fathers and sons in here who listen to the same musiC、"Brightly lit and gleaming, the new shop is a far cry from what one might expect of a music lover’s haunt. Mr. Moorhouse has already endured accusations of "guitars at Gap" from his more tradition-al clientele.But when your customers are spending pounds 1,000 or more on an instrument they do not expect grange, he explaineD、
And these guitars are not just toys for the boys.City bankers can expect a good in-vestment return from their instruments. Nine years agoBarry McCormack, an IT project manager, spent pounds 400 on a 1955 Gibson Les Paul. It is now worth pounds 5,000. Mr McCormack said: "People like me are recapturing their youth but they are also buying these guitars as an alternative investment to a pension."
第4题：
{{B}}Passage One{{/B}}
According to Mr. Moorhouse what’s the reason that middle-aged people bought guitarsA．Because it is the symbol of social status and taste.
Because it helps to communicate with their children.
C．Because it is a helpful way to regain their lost youth.
D．Because it fulfills such people’s desire of consuming.
【单选题】：      
In science the meaning of the word "explain" suffers with civilization’s every step in search of reality. Science can not really explain electricity, magnetism, and gravitation; their effects can be measured and predicted, but of their nature no more is known to the modem scientist than to Thales who first speculated on the electrification of amber. Most contemporary physicists reject the notion that man can ever discover what these mysterious forces "really" are.Electricity,Bertrand Russell says, "is not a thing, like St. Paul’sCathedral; it is a way in which things behave."
When we have told how things behave when they are electrified, we have told all there is to tell. Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an ideA、Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of ’reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. He felt, for example, that it is a self-evident principle that everything in the universe has its proper place, hence one can conclude that objects fall to the ground because that is where they belong, and smoking goes up because that is where it belongs. The goal ofAristotelian science was to explain why things happen. Modern science was born when Galileo began trying to explain how things happen and thus originated the method of controlled experiment which now forms the basis of scientific investigation.
第5题：{{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
The passage says that until recently scientists disagreed with the idea ______.A．that there are mysterious forces in the universe
B．that man can not discover what forces "really" are
C．that there are self-evident principles
D．that we can discover why things behave as they do
【单选题】：      

 

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