| 考博易错题（2019/7/26） |
| 第1题： A、it B．that C．this D．one |
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| 第2题：For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learningArabiC、 I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously pleasing. I enrolled as pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by Mr.Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speakArabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil has sent him from somewhere in the MiddleEast, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of localArabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written inEnglish. Mr.Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confuse entrepreneur: "Non. M. Jones. le ne suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas." (No Mr. Jones, I’m not, not, NOT). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name wasAhmed, was infinitely softer and less public in his approach. For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiringArabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going. I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, thoughAhmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westerner. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple ofArabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed inEnglish.And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentiallyArabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for "people", for instance, might be "nais", "sahab" or "sooken". Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When I merely got the drift of a torrent whichAhmed had just release, I was childishly clateD、When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right. I beamed like an idiot.And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowingArabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it.By the end of June, noone could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker ofArabiC、I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris.But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr.Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr. Jones. Which of the following statements is FALSE、according to the passage A、The write |
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| 第3题：21. The greatest achievement of humankind in its long evolution from ancient hominoid ancestors to its present status is the acquisition and accumulation of a vast body of knowledge about itself, the world, and the universe. The products of this knowledge arc all those things that, in the aggregate, we call "civilization", including language, science, literature, art, all the physical mechanisms, instruments, and structures we use, and the physical infrastructures on which society relies. 22. Most of us assume that in modern society knowledge of all kinds is continually increasing and the aggregation of new information into the corpus of our social or collective knowledge is steadily reducing the area of ignorance about ourselves, the world, and the universe.But continuing reminders of the numerous areas of our present ignorance invite a critical analysis of this assumption. In the popular view, intellectual evolution is similar to, although much more rapid than, somatic evolution.Biological evolution is often described by the statement that "ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny"--meaning that the individual embryo, in its development from a fertilized ovum into a human baby, passes through successive stages in which it resembles ancestral forms of the human species. The popular view is that humankind has progressed from a state of innocent ignorance, comparable to that of an infant, and gradually has acquired more and more knowledge, much as a child learns in passing through the several grades of the educational system. 23. Implicit in this view is an assumption that phylogeny resembles ontogeny, so that there will ultimately be a stage in which the accumulation of knowledge is essentially complete, at least in specific fields, as if society had graduated with all the advanced degrees that signify mastery of important subjects. Such views have, in fact, been expressed by some eminent scientists. In 1894 the greatAmerican physicistAlbert Michelson said in a talk at the University ofChicago: 24. While it is never safe to affirm that the future of Physical Science has no marvels in store even more astonishing than those of the past, it seems probable that most of the grand underlying principles have been firmly established and that further advances are to be sought chiefly in the rigorous application of these principles to all the phenomena which come under our notice The future truths of Physical Science are to be looked for in the sixth place of decimals. |
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| 第4题：61. Criticism is a study by which men grow important and formidable at very small expense. The power of invention has been conferred by nature upon few, and the labor of learning those sciences which may, by mere labor be obtained, is too great to be willingly endured; but every man can exert such judgment as be has upon the works of others; and he whom nature has made weak, and idleness keeps ignorant, may yet support his vanity by the name of a critiC、 62. I hope it will give comfort to great numbers who are passing through the world in obscurity, when I inform them how easily distinction may be obtaineD、All the other powers of literature are coy and haughty; they must be long courted and at last are not always gained; butCriticism is a goddess easy of access and forward of advance, who will meet the slow and encourage the timorous; the want of meaning she supplies with words, and the want of spirit she recompenses with malignity. 63. This profession has one recommendation peculiar to itself, that it gives vent to malignity without real mischief. No genius was ever blasted by the breath of critics. Tire poison which, if confined, would have burst the heart fumes away in empty hisses, and malice is set at ease with very little danger to merit. The critic is the only man whose triumph is without another’s pain and whose greatness does not rise upon another’s ruin. 64. To a study at once so easy and so reputable, so malicious and so harmless, it cannot be necessary to invite my readers by a long or labored exhortation; it is sufficient, since all would be critics if they could, to show by one eminent example that all can be critics if they will. |
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| 第5题：There was nothing we could do ______ wait.
A．or rather B．but rather C．rather than D．other than |
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