| 考博易错题（2019/7/27） |
| 第1题：Bill couldn't ______ an answer when the teacher asked him why he was late.
A．come up with B．come over C．come on D．come up to |
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| 第2题：Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone (21) making mistakes. It is actually caused by (22) of your "body clock" --a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological (23) . The body clock is designed for a (24) rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it (25) daylight and darkness at the "wrong" times in a new time zone. The (26) of jetlag often persist for days (27) the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is (28) that is based on proven (29) pioneering scientific research.Dr, Martin Mooreede had (30) a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone (31) controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates (32) of the discomfort of jetlag. A、successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either (33) or avoid bright light.Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule (34) light exposure depends a great deal on (35) travel plans. A．more B．little C．most D．least |
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| 第3题： {{B}}PartA{{/B}} {{B}}Passage 1{{/B}} Similarly, it can be argued that much of New YorkCity’s importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia andBoston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared New York’s location at the western end of one of the world’s most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterlanD、This account does not alone explain New York’s primacy, but it does include several important factors.Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later. |
| 第4题：The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure ofAmerican society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make much personal decision is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioneD、Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A、multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries andCrapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity. According to Fries andCrapo sound health choice should be based on ______. A、personal decisions B．society’s laws C．statistical evidence D．friends’ opinions |
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| 第5题：Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away.And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms. Man has known about them for thousands of years.But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year French astronomer, Jean-Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time. Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man’s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock.About four years ago anAmerican doctor,Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside worlD、They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by aging and mental illness. The laboratory is in the Monteflore Hospital in New YorkCity. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living are A、The instruments measure heartbeat, body temperature, hormones in the blood, other substances in the urine and brain waves during sleep. A、doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the laboratory has no idea what time it is. In the first four years of research,Dr Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for The New York Times newspaper,Dava Sobol, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobol wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper. In the experiment conducted by Mr. Weitzman, the doctor who is on duty does not work the same time each day ______. A、in order to observe the abnormal behavior of the people at different times B．so as not to be recognized by the people C、so as to avoid indicating to the people what time it is when he starts work D．so as to leave the people’s circadian rhythms in disorder |
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