| 考博易错题（2019/8/15） |
| 第1题： Passage 2 In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varieD、But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity The evidence shows that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder.As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then, variety is not an important factor. Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important. There is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modem factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus, although freedom of choice may be important, usually very little can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much a worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the produce Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than a large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is degree of the worker’s contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about. To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity The workers themselves certainly think this is important.But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more.A、similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we make their jobs more interesting, they will want neither more money nor shorter working hours. |
| 第2题： The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a ______ that filled the church to overflowing. A．procession B．reunion C．rally D．congregation |
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| 第3题：Doctors at Stanford University are studying a medication they hope will alleviate the suffering of millions ofAmerican women.But their target isn’t breast cancer, osteoporosis, or a similarly well-known affliction.Despite its alarming impact on its victims, the malady in question has received comparatively little medical scrutiny. It’s a "hidden epidemic," according to the Stanford researchers: compulsive shopping disorder. That’s right. What was once merely a punchline in television sitcoms is now being taken seriously by many clinicians.According to the Stanford study’s leader,Dr. Lorrin Koran, compulsive shopping is "motivated by ’irresistible’ impulses, characterized by spending that is excessive and inappropriate, has harmful consequences for the individual, and tends to be chronic and stereotypeD、"Compulsive shoppers "binge buy" --most often clothes, shoes, makeup, and jewelry--and then suffer intense guilt. That, in turn, helps trigger another frenzied trip to the mall, and the cycle continues. Could compulsive shopping be a health hazard associated withAmerica’s unparalleled economic prosperity "It seems to be a disease of affluence," saysDr. Jerrold Pollak, a clinical psychologist who’s treated several shopaholics. "Advertisers... would like us to think that shopping is a reason to live," agreesDr.CherylCarmin, another clinical psychologist. "If you do not have the time or inclination to go to the mall or grocery store, there are catalogs, delivery services, home shopping networks on TV, and endless items to buy via the Internet." Indeed, this year, US advertisers will spend $ 233 billion--an amount equal to six federal education budgets to persuadeAmericans to buy, buy, buy. Yet the possibility that US advertisers may be driving certain women in our society t9 psychosis is only part of the story. It seems that the pharmaceutical companies’ quest to cure the effects of excessive marketing may itself be little more than a cleverly-disguised marketing scheme. The Stanford study, like many of its kind, is being funded by a pharmaceutical company. The undisclosed drug is an FDA-approved antidepressant, specifically an SSRI--a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. (The researchers are also studying behavioral therapies for compulsive shoppers.) The researchers running the Stanford study refused to reveal their sponsor. However, only five SSRIs are currently on the US market. Pfizer (makers of Zolofi),EliBilly (Prozac) and SmithKlineBeecham (Paxil) all reported that they are neither conducting nor planning any studies of their drugs for compulsive shopping. Solvay (Luvox)also seems an unlikely candidate. In 1997, researchers at the University of Iowa tried using Luvox to treat compulsive shoppers and found no measurable differences between the effects of the drug and those of a placebo. Perhaps the manufacturers of Luvox want to give their product another shot. More likely, however, the mysterious benefactor of the Stanford Study is Forest PharmaceuticalsCelexa). Their PR department neither confirmed nor denied any involvement in Koran’s study. Why would a pharmaceutical company anonymously spend money to license one of its top-selling drugs for a marginal disorder like compulsive shopping A、big part of the answer is profit. The mystery company presumably hopes to carve a unique slice out of the mental disorder pie in order to market it together with a ready-made treatment. This is not at all a new strategy for the world’s mammoth pharmaceutical firms, asDavid Healy, a professor at the University of WalesCollege of Medicine, explains in his book "TheAnti-DepressantEm." Healy’s book describes a process by which companies Seek to "educate" both patients and clinicians about a new disorder, to sell the disorder in preparation for selling its cure. Funding clinical trials is a crucial part of that process. We can infer from the passage that |
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| 第4题：Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can be best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that it would be (27) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A、variety of small clubs can pro- vide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the back-grounD、 In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) attention spans. A、variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with- out letting the other participants down. A、if only B．now that C．so that D．even if |
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| 第5题：For the people who have never traveled across theAtlantic the voyage is a fantasy.But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of theAtlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the (41) of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel (42) to go to bed and pleased when the journey (43) . On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed (44) earlier than usual. When I (45) my cabin, I was surprised (46) that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected (47) but there was a suitcase (48) mine in the opposite comer. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in, He was the sort of man you might meet (49) , except that he was wearing (50) good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not (51) whoever he was and did not say (52) .As I had expected, he ’did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately. I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered (53) , as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a (54) was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten (55) the door, so I got up (56) the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite, I crossed the room and (57) the moon shone through it on to the other bed (58) . there. It took me a minute or two to (59) the door myself. I realized that my companion (60) through the window into the se A、 A、like B、as C、similar than D、the same that |
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