考博习题练习
| 考博易错题（2019/8/16） |
| 第1题： 1 The man who inventedCoca-Cola was not a nativeAtlantan, but on the day of his fu neral every drugstore in town testimonially shut up shop. He was John Styth Pemberton, born in 1831 in Knoxville, Georgia, eighty miles away. Sometimes known asDoctor, Pemberton was a pharmacist who, during theCivil War, led a cavalry troop under General Joe Wheeler. He settled inAtlanta in 1869, and soon began brewing such patent medicines as Triplex Liver Pills and Globe of FlowerCough Syrup. In ]885, he registered a trade mark for something called French WineCoea—Ideal Nerve and Tonic Stimulant; a few months later he formed the PembertonChemicalCompany and recruited the services of a bookkeeper named Frank M. Robinson, who not only had a good head for figures but, at tached to it, so exceptional a nose that he could audit the composition of a batch of syrup merely by sniffling it. In 1886—year in which, as contemporaryCoca-Cola officials like to point out,ConanDoyle unveiled Sherlock Holmes and France unveiled the Statue of Liber t~Pemberton unveiled a syrup that he calledCoca-ColA、It was a modification of his French WineCocA、He had taken out the wine and added a pinch of caffeine, and, when the end product tasted awful, had thrown in some extract of cola nut and a few other oils, blending the mixture in a three-legged iron pot in his back yard and swishing it around with an oar. He distributed it to soda fountains in used beer bottles, and Robinson, with his flowing bookkeeper’s script, presently devised a label, on which "Coca-Cola" was writ ten in the fashion that is still employe D、Pemberton looked upon his mixture less as a re freshment than as a headache cure, especially for people whose headache could be traced to over-indulgence. On a morning late in 1886, one such victim of the night before dragged himself into anAtlanta drugstore and asked for a dollop ofCoca-colA、Druggists customarily stirred a tea spoonful of syrup into a glass of water, but in this instance the man on duty was too lazy to walk to the fresh-water tap, a couple of feet off. Instead, he mixed the syrup with some soda water, which was closer at han D、The suffering customer perked up almost at once, and word quickly spread that the bestCoca-Cola was a fizzy one. Why was the year 1886 so special to PembertonA．He took to doing a job like Sherlock Holmes’s. B．He brought a quite profitable product into being. C．He observed the founding ceremony of Statue of Liberty. D、He was awarded byCoca-Cola for his contribution. |
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| 第2题：Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience.And they also need to give serious (21) to how they can be best (22) such changes. Growing bodies need movement and (23) , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. (24) they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the (25) that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are (26) by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much com petition that it would be (27) to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, (28) , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, (29) student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A、variety of small clubs can pro- vide (30) opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful (31) dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the (32) of some kind of organization with a supportive adult (33) visible in the back-grounD、 In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have (34) attention spans. A、variety of activities should be organized (35) participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and with- out letting the other participants down. A、consent B．insurance C．admission D．security |
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| 第3题：There was (a pause of) complete stillness (which) the (buzzing of) the bees among the pink loses sounded (as loud as) the fight of an aircraft.
A．a pause of B．which C．buzzing of D．as loud as |
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| 第4题：Social psychologists arc used to hearing that their experiments are a waste of time because they just prove the obvious, and tell us what we always knew.But there is a very simple and effective riposte to this accusation. The trouble with folk-wisdom (what we always knew) is that it tends to come in pairs of statements, both of which are obviously’ true, but which—unfortunately—are mutually exclusive. For example, birds of a feather flock together, but what about the attraction of oppositesExperiments may not be as much fun as intuitions, but they sometimes tell us which proverbs are actually true, or (moor often) in what circumstances which apply. There is one other preconception to be removed before tackling the question of whom we like and love, whom we find attractive and make friends with: "Why bother to study an area in which we are all expert practitioners " Well, ff you believe that, have a word with a marriage guidance counselor, a psychiatrist, or someone involved in industrial relations. Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful.Did you know that the average student has 5-6 friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is liked more than the one who has always been on the right side Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court Unfortunately, such tidbits don’t tell us much more than the nature or the purpose of friendship. In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors. For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we holD、Several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us (’birds of a feather’) rather than those who would be complementary (’opposites attract’), a prediction which is supported by empirical evidence, at least so far as attitudes and beliefs are concerneD、In one experiment, some developing friendships were monitored amongst first-year students living in the same hostel. It was found that similarity of attitudes (towards politics, religion, and ethics, pastimes and aesthetics) was a good predictor of what friendships would be established by the end of four months, though it had less to do with initial alliances. The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities. This of course can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common and indeed dislike each other.By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends ( and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago. The last paragraph seems to imply that ______.A．computer dating agencies are not reliable B．computer dating agencies try to match partners on the basis of similarities C．a friend in need is a friend indeed D．a friend to everybody is a friend to nobody |
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