| 考博易错题（2019/9/4） |
| 第1题：The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice based upon current medical knowledge. We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure ofAmerican society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life-style without any exercise. The freedom to make much personal decision is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioneD、Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A、multitude of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health-related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choice. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries andCrapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide. Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity. According to Fries andCrapo sound health choice should be based on ______. A、personal decisions B．society’s laws C．statistical evidence D．friends’ opinions |
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| 第2题：It is our ______ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.
A．consistent B．considerate C．certain D．decisive |
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| 第3题：A．on
B．to C．at D．for |
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| 第4题：Concern with money, and then more money, in order to buy the conveniences and luxuries of modern life, has brought great changes to the lives of most Frenchmen. More people are working than ever before in France. In the cities the traditional leisurely midday meal is disappearing. Offices, shops and factories are discovering the greater efficiency of a short lunch hour in company lunchrooms. In almost all lines of work emphasis now falls on ever-increasing output. Thus the "typical" Frenchman produces more, earns more, and buys more consumer goods than his counterpart of only a generation ago. He gains in creature comforts and ease of life. What he loses to some extent is his sense of personal uniqueness, or individuality. Some say that France has beenAmericanizeD、This is because the United States is a world symbol of the technological society and its consumer products. The so-calledAmericanization of France has its critics. They fear that "assembly-line life" will lead to the disappearance of the pleasures of the more graceful and leisurely old French style. What will happen, they ask, to taste, elegance, and the cultivation of the good things in life--to joy in the smell of a freshly, picked apple, a stroll by the river, or just happy hours of conversation in a local cafe Since the late 1950’s life in France has indeed taken on qualities of rush, tension, and the pursuit of material gain. Some of the strongest critics of the new way of life are the young, especially university students. They are concerned with the future, and they fear that France is threatened by the triumph of the competitive, goods-oriented culture. Occasionally, they have reacted against the trend with considerable violence. In spite of the critics, however, countless Frenchmen are committed to keeping France in the forefront of the modern economic worlD、They find that the present life brings more rewards, conveniences, and pleasures than that of the past. They believe that a modern, industrial France is preferable to the olD、 Which of the following is not given as a feature of the old French way of lifeA．Leisure. B．Elegance. C．Efficiency. D．Tast |
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| 第5题：BenjaminDay was only 22 years old when he developed the idea of a newspaper for the masses and launched his New York Sun in 1833, which would profoundly alter journalism by his new approach. Yet, several conditions had to exist before a mass press could come into existence. It was impossible to launch a mass-appeal newspaper without invention of a printing press able to produce extremely cheap newspaper affordable almost to everyone. The second element that led to the growth of the mass newspaper was the increased level of literacy in the population. The then increased emphasis on education led to a concurrent growth of literacy as many people in the middle and lower economic groups acquired reading skills. The trend toward "democratization" of business and politics fostered the creation of a mass audience responsive to a mass press. Having seen.others fail in their attempts to market a mass-appeal newspaper, he forged ahead with his New York Sun, which would be a daily and sell for a penny, as compared to the other dailies that went for six cents a copy. Local happenings, sex, violence, features, and human- interest stories would constitute his content.Conspicuously absent were the dull political debates that still characterized many of the six-cent papers. Within six months the Sun achieved a circulation of approximately 8000 issues, far ahead of its nearest competitor.Day’s gamble had paid off, and the penny press was launcheD、 James GordonBennett, perhaps the most significant and certainly the most colorful of the individuals imitatingDay’s paper, launched his New York Herald in 1835, even more of a rapid success than the Sun. Part ofBennett’s success can be attributed to his skillful reporting of crime news, the institution of a financial page, sports reporting, and an aggressive editorial policy. He looked upon himself a reformer, and wrote in one of his editorials: "I go for a general reformation of morals... I mean to begin a new movement in the progress of civilization." Horace Greeley was another important pioneer of the erA、He launched his New York Tribune in 1841 and would rank third behind the Sun and Herald in daily circulation, but his weekly edition was circulated nationally and proved to be a great success. Greeley’s Tribune was not as sensational as its competitors. He used his editorial page for crusades and causes. He opposed capital punishment, alcohol, gambling and tobacco. Greeley also favored women’s rights. Greeley never talked down to the mass audience and attracted his readers by appealing to their intellect more than to their emotions. The last of the major newspapers of the penny-press era began in 1851. The New York Times, edited by Henry Raymond, promised to be less sensational than the Sun or the Herald and less impassioned than Greeley. The paper soon established a reputation for objective and reasoned journalism. Raymond stressed the gathering of foreign news and served as foreign correspondent himself in 1859. The Times circulation reached more than 40000 before theCivil The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A．give a brief introduction to the growth of the mass newspaper B．trace the cause of the failures of the six-cent papers C．find out which was the most significant newspaper of that time D．show how a mass-appeal newspaper made a great fortune |
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