考博易错题（2019/9/27）

第1题：The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty odd years of eager activity, was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings inConcord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth.As he understood the problems of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him, to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossible——to imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit one’s fellows seemed to Thoreau’s sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and set about the high business of living, "to front only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach." He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolate D、He had no wish to dogmatize concernig the best mode of living——each must settle that for himself.But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was virtually concerne D、The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economies that studied saving in order to spend more largely.But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life which is required in exchange for it, immediatey or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: "The only wealth is life.\ The main idea of this paragraph is best expressed as ______. A、problems of economics B、Thoreau’s philosophy C．Walden, Thoreau’s greatest book D、how Thoreau saved money

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：Faster than ever before, the human world is becoming an urban worlD、By the millions they come, the ambitious and the down-trodden of the world drawn by the strange magnetism of urban (41) . For centuries the progress of civilization has been (42) by the rigid growth of cities. Now the world is (43) to pass a milestone: more people will live in urban areas than in the countryside. Explosive population growth (44) a torrent of migration from the countryside are creating cities that dwarf the great capitals of the past.By the (45) of the century, there will be fifty-one "megacities" with populations of ten million or more. Of these, eighteen will be in (46) countries, including some of the poorest nations in the worlD、MexicoCity already (47) twenty million people andCalcutta twelve million.According to the WorldBank, (48) ofAfrica’s cities are growing by 10% a year, the swiftest (49) of urbanization ever recordeD、 Is the trend good or badCan the cities cope No one knows (50) . Without question, urbanization has produced (51) so ghastly that they are difficult to comprehenD、InCairo, children who (52) might be in kindergarten can be found digging through clots of ox waste, looking for (53) kernels of corn to eat. Young, homeless thieves in Papua New Guinea’s Port Moresby may not (54) their last names or the names of the villages where they were born. In the inner cities ofAmerica, newspapers regularly report on newborn babies (55) into garbage bins by drug-addicted mothers. A．elsewhere B．anywhere C．somewhere D．nowhere

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is a two-fold one, including recovery and prosperity.During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for production are createD、More businesses are created and older ones expandeD、Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever increasing optimism about the future of economic growth. Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry. More labor is employeD、More raw materials are requireD、As one part of the economy develops, other parts are affecteD、For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass, and rubber industries. Roads are requireD、Thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulateD、Demand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and suppliers of raw materials, including farmers. This increases purchasing power and the volume of goods bought and solD、Thus prosperity is diffused among the various segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent enD、However, a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase. The title below that best expresses the main idea of this passage is ______. A、TheBusinessCycle B．The Recovery Stage C、AnExpanding Society D．The Period of Good Times

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

The study of literary influence among women writers has frequently adopted a model of sororal or matrilineal sharing in an often explicitly stated contrast to HaroldBloom’s well-established theory of the "anxiety of influence" besetting male writers. InBloom’s powerfully influential vision, that anxiety is posed as a kind of Freudian agon of sons against fathers, a struggle of self-definition through resistance and mastery. Feminist critics have generally agreed with theBloomian model as applied to male authors but have demurred with respect to women writers, whom we have tended to see in familial terms. The model of a separate women’s tradition in literature, its inner coherence maintained by resistance to male dominance, that was posited in the 1970s byEllen Moers,Elaine Showalter, and Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar has been widely accepteD、AsBetsyErkkila points out, these groundbreaking feminist critics may not have significantly challenged theBloomian model as applied to women writers and women precursors, but they did at any rate establish their resistance to the masculine literary establishment and the masculine model of rivalry. Their successors and elaborators have argued forcefully that a women’s tradition is constituted of a supportive community whose members welcome the all-too-rare voices of foremothers calling to them across the ages.Even the literary foremothers nearer at hand, according to this prevailing vision, have served as models for emulation rather than hegemonic powers to be challengeD、Erkkila, for example, asks pointedly, "How useful is theBloomian model when the poet attempts to define herself not in relation to her poetic fathers but in relation to her poetic mothers." Her answer (later modified because of greater complexity) is not very.A、metaphor of motherhood and daughterhood has, in the words of Linda R. Williams’s recent revisionist theory, "profoundly affected our reading of women’s literary history."CitingAlice Walker’s argument about nebulous forms of knowing in In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens, Luce Irigary’s concept of connectedness ( "One doesn’t stir without the other") and HeleneCixous’s version of the authentic woman writer’s writing of her mother’s milk in "The Laugh of the Medusa," Williams calls for an interpretation of literary connectedness not as a revision of the Freudian andBloomian system-whichErkkila, by retaining the familial language, has in a sense retained, but as a way "outside of an Oedipal dynamic" altogether.
The revisionist views of Williams andErkkila are useful corrections of the prevailing mode of feminist theories that "romanticize, maternalize, essentialize, and eternalize women writers and the relationships among them." Neither, however, asks if women writers may not sometimes exhibit, rather than either revise or escape, theBloomian model of literary rivalry. It is a prospect, perhaps, that we would prefer not to entertain.But it is a prospect that, while clearly not typical, may be less atypical than feminist critics may have supposed in our times too idealizing and essentializing theories.
An instance of such a female adoption (and adaptation) of theBloomian model of male writers’ anxiety is KatherineAnne Porter’s anxious and artfully duplicitous essay on a literary elder sister, "Reflections on WillaCather." Operating in the loosely narrative fashion that characterized not only Porter’s nonfiction but her very mode of thought, the essay purports to pay retrospective tribute to one of the preeminent women writers of the early and mid-twentieth century, but in fact asserts Porter’s own stature in the world of letters. In the story of her essay, the protagonist is notCather, as one would expect from the title, but Porter herself. The essay

第4题：{{B}}Passage Five{{/B}}

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第5题：It is appropriate on an anniversary of the founding of a university to remind ourselves of its purposes. It is equally appropriate at such time for students to (21) why they have been chosen to attend and to consider how they can best (22) the privilege of attending. At the least you as students can hope to become (23) in subject matter which may be useful to you in later life. There is, (24) , much more to be gaineD、It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficiently (25) learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life. (26) this may require an effort of will and a period of self-discipline.Certainly it is not (27) without hard work. Teachers can guide and encourage you, but learning is not done passively. To learn is your (28) . There is (29) the trained mind satisfaction to be derived from exploring the ideas of others, mastering them and evaluating them.But there is (30) level of inquiry which I hope that some of you will choose. If your study takes you to the (31) of understanding of a subject and, you have reached so far, you find that you can penetrate to (32) no one has been before, you experience an exhilaration which can’t be denied and which commits you to a life of research. Commitment to a life of scholarship or research is (33) many other laudable goals. It is edifying, and it is a source of inner satisfaction even (34) other facets of life prove disappointing. I strongly (35) it. A、elsewhereB、whatC、whicheverD、where

【单选题】： A     B     C     D