| 考博易错题（2019/9/29） |
| 第1题： To understand the failings of existing farm programs, it’s important to understand the roots of the current farm crisis.At the heart of the problem is money—how much there is and how much it costs to borrow. A、farmer is a debtor almost by definition. In my own state, it’s not unusual for a wheat farmer with 1,000 acres to owe several hundred thousand dollars for land and machinery. In addition to making payments on these loans, it’s common for such a farmer to borrow about $40,000 each spring to cover fertilizer, diesel fuel, seed, and other operating expenses. The months before the harvest will be anxious ones as the farmer contemplates all the things that could bring: financial hardship, bad weather, crop disease, insects, falling commodity prices. If he has a good year, the farmer can repay his loans and retain some profit; in a bad one, he can lose his whole farm. Money thus becomes one of the farmer’s biggest expenses. Most consumers can find some refuge from high interest rates by postponing large purchases like houses or cars. Farmers have no choice. In 1989, for example, farmers paid $12 billion in interest costs while earning $32 billion; last year they paid $22 billion in interest costs, while earning only $20 billion. In a business in which profit margins are small, $4,000 more in interest can mean the difference between profit and loss. Since 1985, 100,000 family farms have disappeared, and while interest rates have fallen recently, they still imperil the nation’s farmers. This is why the most basic part of our nation’s farm policy is its money and credit policy—which is set by Paul Voicker and the Federal ReserveBoarD、The Federal ReserveBoard’s responsibility for nearly ruining our economy is well-known. What’s often overlooked is how the board’s policies have taken an especially devastating toil on farmers. While high interest rates have increased farm expenses, they’ve also undermined the export market farmers have traditionally relied on. High interest rates, by stalling our economic engines, have been a drag on the entire world’s economy.Developing and third world nations have been particularly hard hit. Struggling just to meet interest payments on their loans from multinational banks, they have had little cash left over to buy our farm products. Even those countries that could still afford our farm products abandoned us for other producers. Our interest rates were so high that they attracted multinational bankers, corporations, and others who speculate on currencies of different countries. These speculators were willing to pay more for dollars in terms of pesos, yen, or marks because those rates guaranteed them such a substantial return. |
| 第2题：You can come with me to the museum this afternoon ______ you don't mind walking for half an hour.
A．unless B．so far as C．except D．if |
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| 第3题： A、agreeable B．available C．adaptable D．approachable |
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| 第4题：Opinion polls are now beginning to show an unwilling general agreement that, whoever is to (21) and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of (22) the available employment more widely. But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to (23) employment as the norm Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work Should we not create conditions (24) which many of us can work for ourselves, (25) for an employer The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the (26) of jobs. The industrial age may now be (27) to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reverseD、This seems a discouraging thought. (28) , in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment as its history shows, has not meant (29) freedom. Employment became widespread (30) the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving (31) them the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living (32) themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from the people’s homes. (33) , as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their places of employment until, (34) , many people’s work lost all connection (35) their home lives and the places in which they liveD、 (36) , employment put women (37) a disadvantage. It became customary for the husband to go out to (38) employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to (39) some effort and resources away from the (40) goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs. A．for B．of C．with D．to |
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| 第5题： Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences intoChinese. The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline inEuropean universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs inCanadian universities. 1) {{U}}Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.{{/U}} Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number ofCanadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law. If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment on the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. 2) {{U}}on the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.{{/U}} For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career. 3) {{U}}But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news mediA、{{/U}} Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. 4) {{U}}In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of theCanadianConstitution can do a competent job on political stories.{{/U}} Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. 5) {{U}}While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.{{/U}} These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system. |
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