| 考博易错题（2019/10/17） |
| 第1题：The discovery of theAntarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called "the heroic age ofAntarctic exploration".By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, andAmundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shadows, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance; future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier discoverers found so invaluable and hardly comparable. Few realize that thisAntarctic continent is almost equal in size to SouthAmerica, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interior presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost inexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of theAntarctic wastes. The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for theAntarctic refueling bases will make flights fromAustralia to SouthAmerica comparatively easy over the 5,000 miles journey. The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorerAdmiralByrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he records that they survived the rigors of theAntarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely.Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intense cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard theAntarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole worlD、 Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this continent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a "dead continent" now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor. The most healthy climate in the world is ______. A、in SouthAmeric A、 B、in theArctic Region. C、in theAntarcticContinent. D、in theAtlantic Ocean. |
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| 第2题：It looks like a great big cigar, (1) it is really a dangerous saltwater fish called barracudA、This (2) fish has a narrow body which grows to be from four to six feet long. However it may reach ten feet in (3) ! The barracuda looks very much (4) the pike, a freshwater fish. Although the barracuda is not related (5) the pike, it is like that freshwater fish in being a fearless fighter. The barracuda has a large mouth and strong jaws that hold knifelike (6) . When attacking or defending (7) the barracuda moves like lightning. It usually feeds on other fish.But it has been known to (8) swimmers. No wonder it is called "the tiger of the sea" ! The barracuda is usually found in warm, tropical seas or (9) . The most dangerous kind, the great barracuda, is found off the (10) of Florida,Bermuda, and the West Indies. (11) caught for food live in the warm waters off the coast ofCalifornia andAustraliA、 To (12) its enemies, the barracuda can camouflage itself. It does this by taking on the color of its (13) . Its back changes from light brownish green (14) deep blue, its sides sparkle with silvery tones, and its belly is chalky white. The barracuda’s tail and fins may be greenish yellow or gray. Bright eyes flash as it roams the (15) . When it rests on the sandy ocean floor, it becomes ahnost (16) as long as it stays quite still.Even when it prowls around a coral reef, it is difficult to spot, even in (17) water. People who (18) for sport try to excite the barracuda to move by tying a long, white rag behind their moving boat. However, they are often (19) .But they never give up trying to trick "the (20) of the sea\ A、shallow B、deep C、ordinary D、warm |
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| 第3题：The washing machines sold in our shop will be ______ for one year.
A．guaranteed B．guarded C．ensured D．assured |
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| 第4题： Because it takes longer to install and involves some tinkering to get it to work just right, it's best for more experienced users. But, oh, what joy! ______ a detailed log of every ad it annihilates, ______ it makes a satisfying 'thunk' when it nabs one. A．Not only Killer keeps, but also B．Not only does Killer keep C．Only Killer keeps, and D．Only if Killer keeps |
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| 第5题：{{B}}Passage 5{{/B}} If humans are an ambitious species, it’s clear we’re not the only one. Many animals are known to signal their ambitious tendencies almost from birth.Even before wolf pups are weaned, they begin sorting themselves out into alphas and all the others. The alphas are quicker, more curious, greedier for space, milk, Mom--and they stay that way for life.Alpha wolves wander widely, breed annually and may live to a geriatric 10 or 11 years olD、Lower-ranking wolves enjoy none of these benefits--staying close to home, breeding rarely and usually dying before they’re four. Humans often report the same kind of temperamental determinism. Families are full of stories of the inexhaustible infant who grew up to be an entrepreneur, the phlegmatic child who never really showed much go.But if it’s genes that run the show, what explains identical twins--precise genetic templates of each other who ought to be temperamentally identical but often exhibit profound differences in the octane of their ambition Ongoing studies of identical twins have measured achievement motivation--lab language for ambition--in identical siblings separated at birth, and found that each twin’s profile overlaps 30% to 50% of the other’s. In genetic terms, that’s an awful lot--"a benchmark for heritability", says geneticistDean Hamer of the U.S. NationalCancer Institute.But that still leaves a great deal that can be determined by experiences in infancy, subsequent upbringing and countless other {{B}}imponderables{{/B}}. Some of those variables may be found by studying the function of the brain.At Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, researchers have been conducting brain imaging to investigate a trait they call persistence--the ability to stay focused on a task until it’s completed just so--which they consider one of the critical engines driving ambition. The researchers recruited a sample group of students and gave each a questionnaire designed to measure persistence level. Then they presented the students with a task--identifying sets of pictures as either pleasant or unpleasant and taken either indoors or outdoors--while conducting magnetic resonance imaging of their brains. The nature of the task was unimportant, but how strongly the subjects felt about performing it well--and where in the brain that feeling was processed--could say a lot. In general, the researchers found that students who scored highest in persistence had the greatest activity in the limbic region, the area of the brain related to emotions and habits. "The correlation was .8 [or 80%]," says professor of psychiatry RobertCloninger, one of the investigators. "That’s as good as you can get." It’s impossible to say whether innate differences in the brain were driving the ambitious behavior or whether learned behavior was causing the limbic to light up.But a number of researchers believe it’s possible for the nonambitious to jump-start their drive, provided the right jolt comes along. "Energy level may be genetic," says psychologist Simonton, "but a lot of times it’s just finding the right thing to be ambitious about." Simonton and others often cite the case of FranklinD、Roosevelt, who might not have been the same President he became--or even become president at all--had his disabling polio not taught him valuable lessons about patience and tenacity. |