考博易错题（2019/10/19）_网考网(Netkao.com)

考博易错题（2019/10/19）

Ever hear of the lemming Lemmings are arctic rat-like animals with very odd habits: periodically, for unknown reasons, they mass together in large herd and commit suicide by rushing into deep water and drowning themselves. They all run in together, blindly, and not one of them ever seems to stop and ask, "Why am I doing this Is this really what I ’want to do " and thus save it serf from destruction. Obviously, lemmings are driven to perform their strange suicide rites by common instinct. People choose to "follow the herd" for more complex reasons, yet we are still too often the unwilling victims of the bandwagon appeal.
Essentially, the bandwagon urges us to an action or an opinion because it is popular—be- cause "everyone else is doing it." This call to "get on the bandwagon" appeals to the strong de- sire in most of us to be one of the crowd, not to be left out or alone.Advertising makes extensive use of the bandwagon appeal, bat so do politicians. Senator Yakalot uses the bandwagon appeal when he says "more and more citizens are rallying to my cause every day," and asks his audience to "join them—and me—in our fight forAmericA、"
One of the ways we can see the bandwagon appeal at work is in the overwhelming success of various fashions and trends, which capture the interests of thousands of people for a short time, then disappear suddenly and completely. For a year or two in the 1950S every child in NorthAmerica wanted a coonskin cap so that they could be likeDavyCrockett; no one wanted to be left out.After that there was the hula-hoop craze that helped to dislocate thousands ofAmericans.
The problem here is obvious: just because everyone’s doing it doesn’t mean that we should too. Group approval does not approve that something is true or is worth doing: Large numbers of people have supported actions we now condemn. Just a generation ago, Hitler and Mussolini rose to absolute and destructive rule in two of the most cultured countries ofEurope. When they came into power they won by massive popular support from millions of people who didn’t want to be "left out" atA、great historical moment.
As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or distracting our attention from the real issues at hanD、But there’s third way that propaganda can be put to work against us—by use of faulty logiC、This approach is really subtler than the other two because it gives the appearance of reasonable, fair argument. It is only when we look more closely that the holes in logic fiber show up.

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