| 考博易错题（2019/10/22） |
| 第1题：Climatic conditions are delicately adjusted to the composition of theEarth’s atmosphere. If there were a change in the atmosphere for example, in the relative proportions of atmosphere gases the climate would probably change also. A、slight increase in water vapor, for instance, would increase the heat-retaining capacity of the atmosphere and would lead to a rise in global temperatures. In contrast, a large increase in water vapor would increase the thickness and extent of the cloud layer, reducing the amount of solar energy reaching theEarth’s surface. The level of carbon dioxide,CO2, in the atmosphere has an important effect on climatic change. Most of theEarth’s incoming energy is short wavelength radiation, which tends to pass through atmosphericCO2 easily. TheEarth, however, reradiates much of the received energy as a long wavelength radiation, whichCO2 absorbs and then remits toward theEarth. This phenomenon, known as the greenhouse effect, can result in an increase in the surface temperature of a planet.An extreme example of the effect is shown by the Venus, a planet covered by heavy clouds composed mostly ofCO2, whose surface temperatures have been measured at 430℃. If theCO2 content of the atmosphere is reduced, the temperature falls.According to one respectable theory, if the atmosphericCO2 concentration were halved, theEarth would become completely covered with ice.Another equally respectable theory, however, states that a halving of theCO2 concentration would lead only to a reduction in global temperatures of 3℃. If, because of an increase in forest fires or volcanic activities, theCO2 content of the atmosphere increased, a warmer climate would be produceD、 Plant growth, which relies on both the warmth and the availability ofCO2, would probably increase.As a consequence, plants would use more and moreCO2.EventuallyCO2 levels would diminish and the climate, in turn, would become cooler. With reduced temperatures many plants would die;CO2 would thereby be returned to the atmosphere and gradually the temperatures would rise again. Thus, if this process occurred, there might be a long-term oscillation in the amount ofCO2 present in the atmosphere, with regular temperature increases and decreases of a set magnitude. Some climatologists argue that the burning of fossil fuels has raised the level ofCO2 in the atmosphere and has caused a global temperature rise of at least 1℃.But a supposed global temperature rise of 1℃ may in reality be only several regional temperature increases, restricted to areas where there are many meteorological stations and caused simply by shifts in the pattern of atmospheric circulation. Other areas, for example, the Southern Hemisphere oceanic zone, may be experiencing an equivalent temperature decrease that is unrecognized because of the shortage of meteorological recording stations. The passage suggests that a large decrease in the amount ofCO2 in the atmosphere would result in ______. A、at least a slight decrease in global temperatures B．at most a slight increase in short wavelength radiation reaching theEarth C．a slight long-term increase in global temperatures D．a slight short-term increase in global temperatures |
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| 第2题： More charity goods must be sent immediately to those African countries ______ by poverty and hunger. A．hurt B．suffered C．hammered D．stricken |
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| 第3题：In mostAmerican cities, the rent for a one-bedroom apartment was $250 or more per month in recent years. In some smaller cities such as Louisville, Kentucky or Jacksonville, Florida the rent was less, but in larger cities it was more. For example, if you lived in LosAngeles, you had to pay $400 or more to rent a one-bedroom apartment, and the same apartment rented for $625 and up inChicago. The most expensive rents in the U. S. were in New YorkCity, where you had to pay at least $700 a month to rent a one-bedroom apartment in most parts of the city. Renters and city planners are worried about the high cost of renting apartments. Many cities now have rent control laws to keep the cost of renting low. These laws help low-income families who cannot pay high rents. Rent controls in the United States began in 1943 when the government imposed rent controls on allAmerican cities to help workers and the families of soldiers during World War Ⅱ.After the war, only one city—New York—continued these World War Ⅱ controls. Recently, more and more cities have returned to rent controls.At the beginning of the 1980s, nearly one fifth of the people in the United States lived in cities with rent-control laws. Many cities have rent-control laws, but why are rents so highBuilders and landlords blame rent controls for the high rents. Rents are high because there are not enough apartments to rent, and they blame rent controls for the shortage of apartments.Builders want more money to build more apartment buildings, and landlords want more money to repair their old apartment buildings.But they cannot increase rents to get this money because of the rent-control laws.As a result, landlords are not repairing their old apartments, and builders are not building new apartment buildings to replace the old apartment buildings.Builders are building apartments for high-income families, not low income families, so low-income families must live in old apartments that are in disrepair.Builders and landlords claim that rent-control laws really hurt low income families. Many renters disagree with them. They say that rent control is not the problem.Even without rent controls, builders and landlords will continue to ignore low-income housing because they can make more money from high-income housing. The only answer, they claim, is more rent controls and government help for low-income housing. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage A、The Highest Rent. B、RentControls. C、BuildingApartments for Low-Income Families. D、Rent-Control Laws. |
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| 第4题： A、in B．on C．about D．for |
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| 第5题：A．take
B．do C．keep D．go |
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