| 考博模拟试题（2019/11/5） |
| 第1题：The government is trying to do something to ______ better understanding between the two countries.
A．raise B．promote C．heighten D．increase |
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| 第2题：How do you thinkAlison felt when she heard the knock at the door
A. AfraiD、 B．IrritateD、 C．PleaseD、 D．Curious. |
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| 第3题： Now, let' s not______ the job. The work must be finished by tomorrow morning. A．lie idle B．lie low C．lie down on D．lie down |
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| 第4题：{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} In this part, you are required to write a composition entitled Should Universities inChinaExpand TheirEnrollment in no less than 200 words. Your composition should be based on the following outline: 1. Some people think that universities should expand their enrollment. 2. Others do not think that universities should expand their enrollment. 3. Your comments on this issue. |
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| 第5题：Dinosaurs were reptiles which became extinct about 65 million years ago. The most intriguing question about dinosaurs has always been " (21) did they die out " There is no simple answer to this question, (22) many hundreds of scientists are studying the problem. They are not studying the extinction of the dinosaurs (23) , but the whole question of extinction. Many other plants and animals have (24) in the past, and it is important to understand (25) this happeneD、Having this information could help save many species that are (26) in the modern worlD、Humans are causing extinctions now, because of pollution and other damage (27) the environment. Maybe the dinosaurs can tell us how to save the earth today, (28) their extinction 65 million years ago! Some of the early dinosaur scientists, 100 years ago, thought the dinosaurs died out because the (29) changed, and they could not breathe. Others thought that the dinosaurs disappeared simply because they became too big. They were (30) to move and could not find enough food (31) One theory is that a huge killer meteorite (32) the earth. Some scientists (33) that the extinction of dinosaurs was possibly due to rapid (34) of the planet’s climate. Perhaps huge amounts of lava pours out of volcanoes in IndiA、This sent up vast (35) of dust that blacked out the sun, and made the earth icy colD、 A、amountsB、crowds C、clouds D、spread |
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| 第6题：The procedures followed by scholars studying literature are often unsatisfactory: the control over a cognitive project as a whole is often lost. The literary scholar seems to be collecting data, which is a preliminary operation, without making use of them. Like a diligent ant gathering food it will never eat, the contemporary literary scholar seems intent upon writing footnotes of a book s/he will never try to reaD、 I propose that at the outset of a research project it is necessary to render explicitly the questions the scholar will try to answer, what methods will be used and the reason why s/he thinks that it may be worthwhile answering such questions. More over, the work of the people concerned with the study of literature seems casual. For instance, much research is devoted to one author, often on the occasion of an anniversary. Now there is no reason to think that our observations will be more valid, urgent, appropriate, useful, or interesting if the author of the texts we are concerned with was born or died or the texts were written fifty, one hundred, or two hundred years ago. This seems to be celebration and not research producing knowledge. It does not seem to make any sense to determine one’s research program by looking at the calendar. The widespread habit of limiting the scope of a research project to a single author often leads to a confined understanding of the author and the texts, which, in turn, offers marginal results. The average literary scholar considers these results satisfactory.But for what purpose are they satisfactory Often the research strategies and methods of the literary scholar are repetitive.A、new operation that is anologous to previous ones is often considered worthwhile. It is on these premises that many texts concerning literature are produced and accepteD、I propose instead that in a concrete project that tries to produce knowledge, any statement needs verification.But there is a point where it is unnecessary to repeat the same operation on new data, because the result has already been established: rather than additional confirmation of what is already known, it is the exploration of what is still unknown that deserves priority.Contemporary literary research seems to be based on habits that originated in the past and that bear little resemblance to research projects as they are intended now in other fields. If our main aim were the proposal of some objects as cultural models, then it would be useful to our purpose to try to attract our society’s attention toward these objects and the persons who produced them. It would be reasonable to perform our actions on the occasion of anniversaries, because we would not be doing research, but celebration and propagandA、Celebration aims at confirming certitudes and strengthening bonds of solidarity among the participants. It does not produce knowledge, but it confirms what is already known. Legitimating by means of the power of words has been for many centuries the main job of the man of letters. Ia paragraph 3, sentence 2, the words "to previous ones" refers to ______.A．previous authors written about by others. B．earlier scholars who wrote comparative literary works. C．earlier methods for research. D．repeats of researc |
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| 第7题：The owner of the auto plant refused to raise the workers' wages, saying that it would ______ the profit.
A．cut off B．cut short C．cut into D．cut up |
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| 第8题：In that country the coins are so ______ that one has to carry great quantities to make a single purchase.
A．diminished B．debased C．degraded D．defaced |
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| 第9题： {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA,B, C、andD、at the end of the passage. You should choose the ONE、that best fits the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet. Primitive men who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun{{U}} (48) {{/U}}their fooD、For example, in the desert{{U}} (49) {{/U}}of the southwestern United States, the Indians cooked their food by{{U}} (50) {{/U}}it on a flat{{U}} (51) {{/U}}in the hot sun. They cooked piece of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this{{U}} (52) {{/U}}. We surmise that the earliest kitchen{{U}} (53) {{/U}}was a stick{{U}} (54) {{/U}}which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire. Later this stick was{{U}} (55) {{/U}}by an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat{{U}} (56) {{/U}}all sides. Cooking food in water was{{U}} (57) {{/U}}before man teamed to make water containers that could not be{{U}} (58) {{/U}}by fire. The{{U}} (59) {{/U}}cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cookeD、As early as 166B、 C、, theEgyptians had learned to make{{U}} (60) {{/U}}. permanent cooking pots out of sand stone. Many years later, theEskimos learned to make similar pans. |
| 第10题：Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the world’s average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have turned to historical data in relation to especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect that volcanoes effect weather changes that are similar to air pollution. One source of information is the effect of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, theDutchEast Indies (the former name of the Republic of Indonesia), inApril 1815. The largest recorded volcanic emption, Tambora threw 150 million tom of fine ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool the earth. For example, records of weather inEngland show that betweenApril and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4.5°F.During the next twenty-four months,England suffered one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers’ records fromApril 1815 toDecember 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp decreases in crop and livestock markets. Since there was a time lag of several years between cause and effect, by the time the world agricultural commodity community had deteriorated, no one realized the cause. Ecologists today warn that we face a twofold menace. The ever-present possibility of volcanic eruptions, such as that of Mt. St. Helens in Washington, added to man’s pollution of the atmosphere with oil, gas, coal, and other polluting substances, may bring ms increasingly colder weather. What does the word "deteriorated" mean (in the last line of paragraph 2 ) A、WeakenedB、Improved C、Depreciated D、DeclineD、 |
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| 第11题： The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least ______ , while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences. A．radical B．prominent C．confidential D．controversial |
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| 第12题：21. We might be inclined to attribute to the act of thinking complete from language if the individual formed or were able to form his concepts without the verbal guidance of his environment. Yet most likely the mental shape of an individual, growing up under such conditions, would be very poor. Thus we may conclude that the mental development of the individual and his way of forming concepts depend to a high degree upon language. This makes us realize to what extent the same language means the same mentality. In this sense thinking and language are linked together. What distinguishes the language of science from languages, as we ordinarily understand the word How is it that scientific language is international What science strives for is an utmost acuteness and clarity of concepts as regards their mutual relation and their correspondence to sensory datA、As an illustration, let us take the language ofEuclidean geometry and algebrA、They manipulate with a small number of independently introduced concepts, respectively symbols, such as the integral number, the straight line, the point, as well as with signs which designate the fundamental concepts. This is the basis for the construction, respectively definition of all other statements and concepts. The connection between concepts and statements on the one hand and the sensory data on the other hand is established through acts of counting and measuring whose performance is sufficiently well determineD、 22. The super-national character of scientific concepts and scientific language is due to the fact that they have been set up by the best brains of all countries and all times. In solitude and yet in cooperative effort as regards the final effect they created the spiritual tools for the technical revolutions which have transformed the life of mankind in the last centuries. Their system of concepts has served as a guide in the bewildering chaos of perceptions so that we learned to grasp general truths from particular observations. 23. What hopes and fears does the scientific method imply for mankind I do not think that this is the right way to put the question. Whatever this tool in the hand of man will produce depends entirely on the nature of the goals alive in this mankinD、Once these goals exist, the scientific method furnishes means to realize them. Yet it cannot furnish the very goals. The scientific method itself would not have led anywhere. It would not even have been born without a passionate striving for clear understanding. 24. Perfection of means and confusion of goals seem--in my opinion--to characterize our age. If we desire sincerely and passionately the safety, the welfare and the free development of the talents of all men, we shall not be in want of the means to approach such a state.Even if only a small part of mankind strives for such goals, their superiority will prove itself in the long run. |
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| 第13题：A．useless
B．impossible C．inappropriate D．unnecessary |
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| 第14题： {{B}}Directions:{{/B}} There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices markedA,B, C、andD、You should choose the ONE、that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet. I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered{{U}} (53) {{/U}}, as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a{{U}} (54) {{/U}}was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten{{U}} (55) {{/U}}the door, so I got up{{U}} (56) {{/U}}the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite, I crossed the room and{{U}} (57) {{/U}}the moon shone through it on to the other bed{{U}} (58) {{/U}}. there. It took me a minute or two to{{U}} (59) {{/U}}the door myself. I realized that my companion{{U}} (60) {{/U}}through the window into the seA、 |
| 第15题： Which of the following statements about small business is not true A．It helps effectively to fight unemployment. B．The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses. C．There's a good omen for small business according to a survey. D．Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure. |
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| 第16题：Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change (1) the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes (2) considered taboo can become perfectly (3) and natural (4) another point in time. Topics such as death, fro example, were once considered so (5) and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the (6) of important books such as OnDeath andDying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more (7) of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, (8) a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos inAmerican society is the topic of fat. (9) many other taboos, fat is a topic thatAmericans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to fat. The " (10) " look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their (11) as well as their products to the publiC、The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought (12) as lazy and (13) in energy, self-discipline and self-respect.After all, people think, how can people who care about themselves, and therefore the way. they look, permit themselves to become fat In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out". It’s not surprising, then, that millions ofAmericans have become (14) with staying slim and "in shape". The (15) of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, their sole reason forAmerica’s obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the (16) importance of diet and exercise for personal health.As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style Of NorthAmericans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do (17) hanD、Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point.As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and (18) to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions ofAmericans are spending more of their time exercising. The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with runners and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found (19) , and many companies are providing special exercise (20) for their employees to use during the work day. A．now B．once C．never D．sometimes |
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| 第17题：The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.
A．crucial B．forcible C．supreme D．valuable |
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| 第18题： 4 Violin prodigies, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia andEasternEurope. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world’s greatest violinists the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews (犹 太人) and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the worlD、They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. "As a result, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values ex cellence in a certain field to nurture (培育) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the FarEast. "In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger disci pline than ours. " says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including musiC、When Western music came to Japan after World War Ⅱ , that mu sic not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Kore ans andChinese as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work harD、Next to hard work, bio logical inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S.Bach, for exam ple, was the top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in musiC、 Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that______.A．enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence B．treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development C．encourage people to compete with each other D．promise talented children high positions |
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| 第19题： According to the passage, Hamilton' s plan included all BUT which of the following A．Articles published in newspapers to create opposition to John Adams. B．South Carolina' s loyalty to Thomas Pinckney. C．Private contact with state officials urging them to support Thomas Pinckney. D．John Adams' reputation as a stubborn and independent New Englander. |
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| 第20题：The Internet is a global network that connects other computer networks, together with software and protocols for controlling the movement of dat A、The Internet, often referred to as "the Net", was initiated in 1969 by a group of universities and private research groups funded by the USDepartment ofDefense. It now covers almost every country in the worlD、Its organization is informal and deliberately nonpolitical; its controllers tend to concentrate on technical aspects rather than on administrative control. The Internet offers users a number of basic services including data transfer, electronic mail, and the ability to access information in remote databases. A、notable feature is the existence of user groups, which allow people to exchange information and debate specific subjects of interest. In addition, there are a number of high-level services. For example, MBONE、allows the transmission of messages to more than one destination. It is used in videoconferencing. The World Wide Web, known as "the Web", is another high level Internet service, developed in the 1990s in Genev A、It is a service for distributing multimedia information, including graphics, pictures, sounds, and video as well as text. A、feature of the World Wide Web is that it allows links to other related documents elsewhere on the Internet.Documents for publication on the Web are presented in a form known as HTML (hypertext mark up language). This allows a specification of the page layout and typography as it will appear on the screen. It also allows the inclusion of active links to other documents. Generally, these appear on the screen display as highlighted text or as additional icons. Typically, the user can use a mouse to "click" on one of these points to load and view a related document. Many commercial and public organizations now have their own Web site (specified by an address code) and publish a "home page", giving information about the organization. Up to the mid-1990s, the major users of the Internet were academic and research or ganizations. This has begun to change rapidly with individual home users linking in through commercial access providers and with a growing interest by companies in using the Internet for publicity, sales, and as a medium for electronic publishing.At the same time, there are problems with the flow of information across national borders, bringing in debates about copyright protection, data protection, the publication of pornography, and ultimately political control and censorship. It can be inferred that the development of HTML prepared the way for ______. A、even farther information transfer B．online commercial promotions C．academic uses D．distributing multimedia information |
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