| 考博每日一练（2019/11/5） |
| 第1题： No matter what he said to you, his manner showed an ______ that he did not actually agree with the proposal. A．objection B．implication C．enlightenment D．approach |
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| 第2题：Which of the following is true A、All states in the U.S. allow the death penalty for serious crimes such as murder. B．SouthCarolina does not allow capital punishment for minors. C、the governor of a state can stop an execution. D．Americans agree that it is wrong to execute convicted criminals who are minors. |
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| 第3题：The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things that are ______, existing only until the sunset.
A．equitable B．ephemeral C．euphonious D．evasive |
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| 第4题：Part of the lake has been polluteD、You can see the water is covered with ______ oil.
A．a coat of B．a story of C．a film of D．a pad of |
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| 第5题：{{B}}Passage 5{{/B}} If humans are an ambitious species, it’s clear we’re not the only one. Many animals are known to signal their ambitious tendencies almost from birth.Even before wolf pups are weaned, they begin sorting themselves out into alphas and all the others. The alphas are quicker, more curious, greedier for space, milk, Mom--and they stay that way for life.Alpha wolves wander widely, breed annually and may live to a geriatric 10 or 11 years olD、Lower-ranking wolves enjoy none of these benefits--staying close to home, breeding rarely and usually dying before they’re four. Humans often report the same kind of temperamental determinism. Families are full of stories of the inexhaustible infant who grew up to be an entrepreneur, the phlegmatic child who never really showed much go.But if it’s genes that run the show, what explains identical twins--precise genetic templates of each other who ought to be temperamentally identical but often exhibit profound differences in the octane of their ambition Ongoing studies of identical twins have measured achievement motivation--lab language for ambition--in identical siblings separated at birth, and found that each twin’s profile overlaps 30% to 50% of the other’s. In genetic terms, that’s an awful lot--"a benchmark for heritability", says geneticistDean Hamer of the U.S. NationalCancer Institute.But that still leaves a great deal that can be determined by experiences in infancy, subsequent upbringing and countless other {{B}}imponderables{{/B}}. Some of those variables may be found by studying the function of the brain.At Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, researchers have been conducting brain imaging to investigate a trait they call persistence--the ability to stay focused on a task until it’s completed just so--which they consider one of the critical engines driving ambition. The researchers recruited a sample group of students and gave each a questionnaire designed to measure persistence level. Then they presented the students with a task--identifying sets of pictures as either pleasant or unpleasant and taken either indoors or outdoors--while conducting magnetic resonance imaging of their brains. The nature of the task was unimportant, but how strongly the subjects felt about performing it well--and where in the brain that feeling was processed--could say a lot. In general, the researchers found that students who scored highest in persistence had the greatest activity in the limbic region, the area of the brain related to emotions and habits. "The correlation was .8 [or 80%]," says professor of psychiatry RobertCloninger, one of the investigators. "That’s as good as you can get." It’s impossible to say whether innate differences in the brain were driving the ambitious behavior or whether learned behavior was causing the limbic to light up.But a number of researchers believe it’s possible for the nonambitious to jump-start their drive, provided the right jolt comes along. "Energy level may be genetic," says psychologist Simonton, "but a lot of times it’s just finding the right thing to be ambitious about." Simonton and others often cite the case of FranklinD、Roosevelt, who might not have been the same President he became--or even become president at all--had his disabling polio not taught him valuable lessons about patience and tenacity. |
| 第6题：Such policies have also enabled companies such as McMullens to take advantage of recession- ary periods rather than be forced into taking______ measures.
A．panic B．illegal C．radical D．invalid |
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| 第7题：Before the mid-nineteenth century, people in the United States ate most foods only in season.Drying, smoking, and salting could preserve meat for a short time, but the availability of fresh meat, like that of fresh milk, was very limited, there was no way to prevent spoilage,But in 1810 a French inventor named NicolasAppert developed the cooking-and-sealing process of canning.And in the 1850’s anAmerican named GailBorden developed a means of condensing and preserving milk. Canned goods and condensed milk became more common during the 1860’s, but supplies remained low because cans had to be made by hanD、By 1880, however, inventors had fashioned stamping and soldering machines that mass-produced cans from tinplate. Suddenly all kinds of food could be preserved and bought at all times of the year. Other trends and inventions had also helped make it possible forAmericans to vary their daily diet. Growing urban populations created demand that encouraged fruit and vegetable farmers to raise more produce. Railroad refrigerator cars enabled growers and meat packers to ship perishables great distances and to preserve them for longer periods. Thus, by the 1890’s, northern city dwellers could enjoy southern and western strawberries, grapes, and tomatoes, previously available for a month at most, for up to six months of the year. In addition, increased use of iceboxes enabled families to store perishables.All easy means of producing ice commercially had been invented in the 1870’s, and by 1900 the nation had more than two thousand commercial ice plants, most of which made home deliveries. The icebox became a fixture in most homes and remained so until the mechanized refrigerator replaced it in the 1920’s and 1930’s. The world "prevent" in line 4 is closest in meaning to ______. A、estimate B、avoid C、correct D、confine |
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| 第8题： If your expenses ______your income, you will be in debt. A．surpass B．exceed C．survive D．pass |
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| 第9题：The business of advertising is to invent methods of addressing massive audiences in a language designed to be easily accessible and immediately persuasive. No advertising agency wants to (51) out an ad that is not clear and convincing to millions of people.But the agency, (52) they would agree that ads should be written to sell products, disagree when it (53) down to the most effective methods of doing so. (54) the years, advertising firms have developed among themselves a variety of distinctive styles (55) on their understanding of the different kinds of audiences they want to reach. No two agencies would handle the (56) product identically. To people (57) whom advertising is an exacting discipline and a highly competitive profession, an ad is (58) more than a sophisticated sales pitch, an attractive verbal (59) device to serve manufactures. In fact, for those who examine ads critically or professionally, products may very well be (60) more than merely points of departure.Ads often (61) their products, and in the (62) of early advertisements for products that are no longer available, we cannot help (63) consider the advertisement independently of oar responses to those products. The point of examining ads apart (64) their announced subjects is not that we ignore the product completely, but (65) we try to see the product only (66) it is talked about and portrayed in the full (67) of the aD、Certainly, it is not necessary to (68) tried a particular product to be (69) to appreciate the technique section and design used in (70) advertisement. A．able B．alike C．like D．on |
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| 第10题： It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers Fisher's work to be ______. A．definitive and thorough B．inaccurate but popular, compared with Hamilton's work C．accurate, but trivial compared with Hamilton's work D．admirable, but not as up-to-date as Hamilton's work |
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