【单选题】Community CAnCEr ClustErs ArE viEwED quitE DiFFErEntly By CitizEn ACtivists thAn By EpiDEmiologists.EnvironmEntAlists AnD ConCErnED loCAl rEsiDEnts, For instAnCE, might immEDiAtEly suspECt EnvironmEntAl rADiAtion As thE Culprit whEn A high inCiDEnCE oF CAnCEr CAsEs oCCurs nEAr A nuClEAr FACility.EpiDEmiologists, in ContrAst, woulD BE morE likEly to sAy thAt thE inCiDEnCEs wErE "inConClusivE" or thE rEsult oF purE ChAnCE.AnD whEn A BrEAst CAnCEr survivor, lorrAinE pACE, mAppED 20 BrEAst CAnCEr CAsEs oCCurring in hEr wEst islip, long islAnD, Community, hEr ruDimEntAry rEsEArCh EFForts wErE guiDED morE By hopE--thAt A spECiFiC EnvironmEntAl AgEnt CoulD BE CorrElAtED with thE CAnCErs thAn By sCiEntiFiC mEtho
D、
whEn EpiDEmiologists stuDy ClustErs oF CAnCEr CAsEs AnD othEr nonContAgious ConDitions suCh As Birth DEFECts or misCArriAgE, thEy tAkE sEvErAl vAriABlEs into ACCount, suCh As BACkgrounD rAtE (thE numBEr oF pEoplE AFFECtED in thE gEnErAl populAtion), ClustEr sizE, AnD spECiFiCity (Any notABlE ChArACtEristiCs oF thE inDiviDuAl AFFECtED in EACh CAsE). iF A ClustEr is Both lArgE AnD spECiFiC, it is EAsiEr For EpiDEmiologists to Assign BlAmE. not only must EACh vAriABlE hE ConsiDErED on its own, But it must Also BE ComBinED with othErs. lung CAnCEr is vEry Common in thE gEnErAl populAtion. yEt whEn A hugE numBEr oF CAsEs turnED up Among worlD wAr ⅱ shipBuilDErs who hAD All workED with AsBEstos, thE sizE oF thE DustEr AnD thE FACt thAt thE mEn hAD hAD similAr oCCupAtionAl AsBEstos ExposurEs EnABlED EpiDEmiologists to Assign BlAmE to thE FiBrous minErAl.
Although sEvErAl known CArCinogEns hAvE BEEn DisCovErED through thEsE kinDs oF oCCupAtionAl or mEDiCAl ClustErs, only onE Community CAnCEr ClustEr hAs EvEr BEEn trACED to An EnvironmEntAl CAusE. hEAlth oFFiCiAls oFtEn DisCount A Community’s suspiCion oF A Common EnvironmEntAl CAusE BECAusE CitizEns tEnD to inCluDE CAsEs thAt wErE DiAgnosED BEForE thE AFFliCtED inDiviDuAls movED into thE nEighBorhoo
D、ADD to this thE proBlEm oF CAnCEr’s lAtEnCy. unlikE An inFECtious DisEAsE suCh As CholErA, whiCh is CAusED By A rECEnt ExposurE to FooD or wAtEr ContAminAtED with thE CholErA BACtErium, CAnCEr mAy hAvE its roots in An ExposurE thAt oCCurrED 10 to 20 yEArs EArliEr.
Do All thEsE CAvEAts mEAn thAt thE hArD work oF lorrAinE pACE AnD othEr Community ACtivists is For nothing not nECEssArily. togEthEr with mAny othEr rEports oF BrEAst CAnCEr ClustErs on long islAnD, thE wEst islip situAtion highlightED By pACE hAs hElpED EpiDEmiologists lAy thE grounDwork For A wEll DEsignED sCiEntiFiC stuDy.
thE worD "CAvEAts" (in thE lAst pArAgrAph) rEFErs to______.
A、rEFusAls By EpiDEmiologists to ExAminE thE work oF pACE AnD othEr ACtivists
B．potEntiAl FlAws in AmAtEur stuDiEs oF CAnCEr ClustEr
C．wArnings By ACtivists ConCErning EnvironmEntAl DAngErs in thEir CommunitiEs
D、tEnDEnCiEs oF ACtivists to AssumE EnvironmEntAl CAusEs For CAnCEr
D、
whEn EpiDEmiologists stuDy ClustErs oF CAnCEr CAsEs AnD othEr nonContAgious ConDitions suCh As Birth DEFECts or misCArriAgE, thEy tAkE sEvErAl vAriABlEs into ACCount, suCh As BACkgrounD rAtE (thE numBEr oF pEoplE AFFECtED in thE gEnErAl populAtion), ClustEr sizE, AnD spECiFiCity (Any notABlE ChArACtEristiCs oF thE inDiviDuAl AFFECtED in EACh CAsE). iF A ClustEr is Both lArgE AnD spECiFiC, it is EAsiEr For EpiDEmiologists to Assign BlAmE. not only must EACh vAriABlE hE ConsiDErED on its own, But it must Also BE ComBinED with othErs. lung CAnCEr is vEry Common in thE gEnErAl populAtion. yEt whEn A hugE numBEr oF CAsEs turnED up Among worlD wAr ⅱ shipBuilDErs who hAD All workED with AsBEstos, thE sizE oF thE DustEr AnD thE FACt thAt thE mEn hAD hAD similAr oCCupAtionAl AsBEstos ExposurEs EnABlED EpiDEmiologists to Assign BlAmE to thE FiBrous minErAl.
Although sEvErAl known CArCinogEns hAvE BEEn DisCovErED through thEsE kinDs oF oCCupAtionAl or mEDiCAl ClustErs, only onE Community CAnCEr ClustEr hAs EvEr BEEn trACED to An EnvironmEntAl CAusE. hEAlth oFFiCiAls oFtEn DisCount A Community’s suspiCion oF A Common EnvironmEntAl CAusE BECAusE CitizEns tEnD to inCluDE CAsEs thAt wErE DiAgnosED BEForE thE AFFliCtED inDiviDuAls movED into thE nEighBorhoo
D、ADD to this thE proBlEm oF CAnCEr’s lAtEnCy. unlikE An inFECtious DisEAsE suCh As CholErA, whiCh is CAusED By A rECEnt ExposurE to FooD or wAtEr ContAminAtED with thE CholErA BACtErium, CAnCEr mAy hAvE its roots in An ExposurE thAt oCCurrED 10 to 20 yEArs EArliEr.
Do All thEsE CAvEAts mEAn thAt thE hArD work oF lorrAinE pACE AnD othEr Community ACtivists is For nothing not nECEssArily. togEthEr with mAny othEr rEports oF BrEAst CAnCEr ClustErs on long islAnD, thE wEst islip situAtion highlightED By pACE hAs hElpED EpiDEmiologists lAy thE grounDwork For A wEll DEsignED sCiEntiFiC stuDy.
thE worD "CAvEAts" (in thE lAst pArAgrAph) rEFErs to______.
A、rEFusAls By EpiDEmiologists to ExAminE thE work oF pACE AnD othEr ACtivists
B．potEntiAl FlAws in AmAtEur stuDiEs oF CAnCEr ClustEr
C．wArnings By ACtivists ConCErning EnvironmEntAl DAngErs in thEir CommunitiEs
D、tEnDEnCiEs oF ACtivists to AssumE EnvironmEntAl CAusEs For CAnCEr
【单选题】Despite the fact that they were ______ when they married, after 30 years they live together harmoniously.
A．contradictory
B．incompatible
C．contrary
D．compatible
A．contradictory
B．incompatible
C．contrary
D．compatible
【单选题】 Not only the ______ are fooled by propaganda; we can all be misled if we are not wary.
A．ignorant
B．gullible
C．uncultured
D．rude
A．ignorant
B．gullible
C．uncultured
D．rude
【单选题】In old days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.
Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women.A、man’s secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wife’s birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at by; and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthanD、
Now all this may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping theBritish office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries diD、
"Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work--and then men will want to do it again. "
That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco. She noted that all the men she dealt with appeared to be gay so possibly that is just new twist to the old story.
Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries.Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bottom--and that’s what happened to JohnBowman.Although he joined a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administration joB、
"I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant. The girls were reluctant to work for this young, glamorous new woman with all this power in the firm."
"I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful finding a joB、I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit I’ve never met another male secretary.But then I joined the Post Office as a clerk and carelessly played with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good￡1, 000 a year more than clerks like me. There was a shortage at that time, you see."
"It was simpler working for a woman than for a man. I found she made decisions, she told everybody what she thought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff ’ring this number for me dear, ’ which men go in for."
"Don’t forget, we were a team-that’s how I feel about in--not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the same purpose."
Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be made takeover Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they because they are as efficient and well trained to cope with word processors and computers, as men.
Before the First World War, female secretaries were rare because they ______.A．wore stockings
B．were not as serious as men
C．were less efficient than men
D．would have disturbed the other office workers
Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women.A、man’s secretary became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wife’s birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at by; and, of course, typing and filing and taking shorthanD、
Now all this may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping theBritish office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries diD、
"Once office technology takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-powered work--and then men will want to do it again. "
That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco. She noted that all the men she dealt with appeared to be gay so possibly that is just new twist to the old story.
Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries.Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bottom--and that’s what happened to JohnBowman.Although he joined a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administration joB、
"I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant. The girls were reluctant to work for this young, glamorous new woman with all this power in the firm."
"I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful finding a joB、I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit I’ve never met another male secretary.But then I joined the Post Office as a clerk and carelessly played with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good￡1, 000 a year more than clerks like me. There was a shortage at that time, you see."
"It was simpler working for a woman than for a man. I found she made decisions, she told everybody what she thought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff ’ring this number for me dear, ’ which men go in for."
"Don’t forget, we were a team-that’s how I feel about in--not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the same purpose."
Once high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be made takeover Men should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as they because they are as efficient and well trained to cope with word processors and computers, as men.
Before the First World War, female secretaries were rare because they ______.A．wore stockings
B．were not as serious as men
C．were less efficient than men
D．would have disturbed the other office workers
【单选题】 This passage is most probably taken from ______.
A．a history book
B．a book introduction
C．a book review
D．a journal of literary criticism
A．a history book
B．a book introduction
C．a book review
D．a journal of literary criticism
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