【单选题】The secretary wants to ______ all the file clerks to make preparations for the companyChristmas party.
A.enlighten
B.enlist
C.enable
D.enclose
A.enlighten
B.enlist
C.enable
D.enclose
【单选题】When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible 61 of action open to him; he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea 62 , or patent it.
A 63 patent is the result of a bargain 64 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period 65 .
Only the most exceptional circumstances 66 the lifespan of a patent 67 to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever 68 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to 69 and thus no hope for reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently 70 after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the 71 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if 72 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone 73 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through 74 patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor’s fight is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form 75 invalidates further patents on that ideA、It is traditionally 76 to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modem technological advance is 77 on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely 78 in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, 79 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate 80 the late 19th and early 20th century.Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
A、wished B、refusingC、refused
D、whishing
A 63 patent is the result of a bargain 64 between an inventor and the state, but the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period 65 .
Only the most exceptional circumstances 66 the lifespan of a patent 67 to alter this normal process of events.
The longest extension ever 68 was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuit was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to 69 and thus no hope for reward for the invention.
Because a patent remains permanently 70 after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the 71 office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if 72 than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone 73 to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through 74 patents that the one sure way of violation of any other inventor’s fight is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form 75 invalidates further patents on that ideA、It is traditionally 76 to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modem technological advance is 77 on these presumptions of legal security.
Anyone closely 78 in patents and inventions soon learns that most "new" ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, 79 makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory for magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate 80 the late 19th and early 20th century.Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.
A、wished B、refusingC、refused
D、whishing
【单选题】 What the passage tells us can be summarized by the statement ______.
A.potential disorganization is present in the American family
B.social development results iii a decline in the importance of traditional families
C.the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status
D.family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility
A.potential disorganization is present in the American family
B.social development results iii a decline in the importance of traditional families
C.the movement of a family is one of the factors in raising its social status
D.family disorganization is more or less the result of mobility
【单选题】Most scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.
One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specializeD、Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldn’t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to he a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions.
By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we don’t know. More important, every day there is far more we know we don’t know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings.As JamesClerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton andEinstein, said, "Thoroughly conscious ignorance...is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. "
This perspective on science—that it is about the questions more than the answers— should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles— and who doesn’t like puzzles Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.
Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer.But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia—then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.
What is the author’s greatest concern in the passage
A、The involvement of the public in science.
B、Scientists’ enjoyment of ignorance.
C、The accumulation of scientific knowledge.
D、Newton’s standing in the history of science.
One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specializeD、Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldn’t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to he a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions.
By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeople alike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we don’t know. More important, every day there is far more we know we don’t know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings.As JamesClerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton andEinstein, said, "Thoroughly conscious ignorance...is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge. "
This perspective on science—that it is about the questions more than the answers— should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles— and who doesn’t like puzzles Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.
Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer.But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia—then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.
What is the author’s greatest concern in the passage
A、The involvement of the public in science.
B、Scientists’ enjoyment of ignorance.
C、The accumulation of scientific knowledge.
D、Newton’s standing in the history of science.
【单选题】Small business owners must accept the burdens of entrepreneurship.Being in business for your- self requires your full attention. You seldom leave the office or shop at 5 p.m. (31) do you leave job problems there. They follow you home as business homework. This (32) less time for your personal life.
The (33)you sought can put you on the spot. You don’ t report to a boss.But you do (34) as hard as possible to serve your customers. They are you" (35) ". You also have to compete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never really (36) . Small firms can seldom ’afford to (37) enough employees so that each can specialize. You may have to prepare ads, (38) records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts.
You must be able to "wear many hats". (39) all these tasks takes up lots of time.But you cannot (40) long-range planning. You have to set goals and develop plans in meet them. Given too (41) time to management, your business will fall.
The major cause of business (42) is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail. (43) half fall in the first five years.A、person with limited talents may be able to hold a job in a large firm (44) others will pick up the slack. When you are in business (45) yourself, there is no one to "carry you".
Even if your firm (46) , you may still have little money to spenD、You may work hard for months and not take a penny out (47) the salary you pay yourself. The reason is you may have to (48) your profits in the firm for long-term growth. Or you may need to meet short-term (49) for cash. You may not even be able to draw a salary (50) the firm becomes a truly going concern.
A、luckyB、free C、relaxedD、happy
The (33)you sought can put you on the spot. You don’ t report to a boss.But you do (34) as hard as possible to serve your customers. They are you" (35) ". You also have to compete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never really (36) . Small firms can seldom ’afford to (37) enough employees so that each can specialize. You may have to prepare ads, (38) records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts.
You must be able to "wear many hats". (39) all these tasks takes up lots of time.But you cannot (40) long-range planning. You have to set goals and develop plans in meet them. Given too (41) time to management, your business will fall.
The major cause of business (42) is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail. (43) half fall in the first five years.A、person with limited talents may be able to hold a job in a large firm (44) others will pick up the slack. When you are in business (45) yourself, there is no one to "carry you".
Even if your firm (46) , you may still have little money to spenD、You may work hard for months and not take a penny out (47) the salary you pay yourself. The reason is you may have to (48) your profits in the firm for long-term growth. Or you may need to meet short-term (49) for cash. You may not even be able to draw a salary (50) the firm becomes a truly going concern.
A、luckyB、free C、relaxedD、happy
【单选题】 I can think of nothing more ______ than arriving at the theater and discovering that I have left the tickets at home.
A.vicious
B.inviting
C.vexatious
D.immoral
A.vicious
B.inviting
C.vexatious
D.immoral
【单选题】thE mAn who invEntEDCoCA-ColA wAs not A nAtivEAtlAntAn, But on thE DAy oF his FunErAl EvEry DrugstorE in town tEstimoniAlly shut up shop. hE wAs john styth pEmBErton, Born in 1833 in knoxvillE, gEorgiA, Eighty milEs AwAy. somEtimEs known AsDoCtor, pEmBErton wAs A phArmACist who, During thECivil wAr, lED A CAvAlry troop unDEr gEnErAl joE whEElEr. hE sEttlED inAtlAntA in 1869, AnD soon BEgAn BrEwing suCh pAtEnt mEDiCinEs As triplEx livEr pills AnD gloBE oF FlowErCough syrup. in 1885, hE rEgistErED A trADEmArk For somEthing CAllED FrEnCh winECoCA—iDEAl nErvE AnD toniC stimulAnt; A FEw months lAtEr hE FormED thE pEmhErtonChEmiCAlCompAny, AnD rECruitED thE sErviCEs oF A BookkEEpEr nAmED FrAnk m. roBinson, who not only hAD A gooD hEAD For FigurEs But, AttAChED to it, so ExCEptionAl A nosE thAt hE CoulD AuDit thE Composition oF A BAtCh oF syrup mErEly By sniFFling it. in 1886, A yEAr in whiCh, As ContEmporAryCoCA-ColA oFFiCiAls likE to point out,ConAnDoylE unvEilED shErloCk holmEs AnD FrAnCE unvEilED thE stAtuE oF liBErty-pEmBErton unvEilED A syrup thAt hE CAllEDCoCA-Col
A、it wAs A moDiFiCAtion oF his FrEnCh winECoC
A、hE hAD tAkEn out thE winE AnD ADDED A pinCh oF CAFFEinE, AnD, whEn thE EnD proDuCt tAstED AwFul, hAD thrown in somE ExtrACt oF ColA nut AnD A FEw othEr oils, BlEnDing thE mixturE in A thrEE-lEggED iron pot in his BACk yArD AnD swishing it ArounD with An oAr. hE DistriButED it to soDA FountAins in usED BEEr BottlEs, AnD roBinson, with his Flowing BookkEEpEr’s sCript, prEsEntly DEvisED A lABEl, on whiCh "CoCA-ColA" wAs writtEn in thE FAshion thAt is still EmployE
D、pEmBErton lookED upon his mixturE lEss As A rEFrEshmEnt thAn As A hEADAChE CurE, EspECiAlly For pEoplE whosE hEADAChE CoulD BE trACED to ovEr-inDulgEnCE.
on A morning lAtE in 1886, onE suCh viCtim oF thE night BEForE DrAggED himsElF into AnAtlAntA DrugstorE AnD AskED For A Dollop oFCoCA-Col
A、Druggists CustomArily stirrED A tEAspoonFul oF syrup into A glAss oF wAtEr, But in this instAnCE thE mAn on Duty wAs too lAzy to wAlk to thE FrEsh-wAtEr tAp, A CouplE oF FEEt oFF. instEAD, hE mixED thE syrup with somE soDA wAtEr, whiCh wAs ClosEr At hAn
D、thE suFFEring CustomEr pErkED up Almost At onCE, AnD worD quiCkly sprEAD thAt thE BEstCoCA-ColA wAs A Fizzy onE.
thE lAst pArAgrAph mAinly tElls ______.
A、thE ComplAint AgAinst thE lAzy shop-AssistAnt
B.A rEAl tEst oFCoCA-ColA As A hEADAChE CurE
C.thE mEDioCrE sErviCE oF thE DrugstorE
D、A hAppy ACCiDEnt thAt gAvE Birth toCoCA-ColA
A、it wAs A moDiFiCAtion oF his FrEnCh winECoC
A、hE hAD tAkEn out thE winE AnD ADDED A pinCh oF CAFFEinE, AnD, whEn thE EnD proDuCt tAstED AwFul, hAD thrown in somE ExtrACt oF ColA nut AnD A FEw othEr oils, BlEnDing thE mixturE in A thrEE-lEggED iron pot in his BACk yArD AnD swishing it ArounD with An oAr. hE DistriButED it to soDA FountAins in usED BEEr BottlEs, AnD roBinson, with his Flowing BookkEEpEr’s sCript, prEsEntly DEvisED A lABEl, on whiCh "CoCA-ColA" wAs writtEn in thE FAshion thAt is still EmployE
D、pEmBErton lookED upon his mixturE lEss As A rEFrEshmEnt thAn As A hEADAChE CurE, EspECiAlly For pEoplE whosE hEADAChE CoulD BE trACED to ovEr-inDulgEnCE.
on A morning lAtE in 1886, onE suCh viCtim oF thE night BEForE DrAggED himsElF into AnAtlAntA DrugstorE AnD AskED For A Dollop oFCoCA-Col
A、Druggists CustomArily stirrED A tEAspoonFul oF syrup into A glAss oF wAtEr, But in this instAnCE thE mAn on Duty wAs too lAzy to wAlk to thE FrEsh-wAtEr tAp, A CouplE oF FEEt oFF. instEAD, hE mixED thE syrup with somE soDA wAtEr, whiCh wAs ClosEr At hAn
D、thE suFFEring CustomEr pErkED up Almost At onCE, AnD worD quiCkly sprEAD thAt thE BEstCoCA-ColA wAs A Fizzy onE.
thE lAst pArAgrAph mAinly tElls ______.
A、thE ComplAint AgAinst thE lAzy shop-AssistAnt
B.A rEAl tEst oFCoCA-ColA As A hEADAChE CurE
C.thE mEDioCrE sErviCE oF thE DrugstorE
D、A hAppy ACCiDEnt thAt gAvE Birth toCoCA-ColA
【单选题】thE littlE girl worE A vEry thin CoAt.
A、suDDEn gust oF ColD winD mADE hEr ______.
A、shAkEB、swEAt
C、shivEr
D、swing
A、suDDEn gust oF ColD winD mADE hEr ______.
A、shAkEB、swEAt
C、shivEr
D、swing
【单选题】Influenced by the environment, children's minds ______ bits and pieces of data when they grow up.
A.take on
B.pick in
C.work out
D.put down
A.take on
B.pick in
C.work out
D.put down
【单选题】 The word "infringement" in the first paragraph means______.
A.violation of the law enforced
B.interference with freedom of action
C.conservation of air and water
D.principles in upholding justice
A.violation of the law enforced
B.interference with freedom of action
C.conservation of air and water
D.principles in upholding justice
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