考博考试

【单选题】 -- I got to my office on time. --What if your car ______.
A．would broken down
B．broke down
C．breaks down
D．had broken down

【分析解答题】{{B}}pArtB{{/B}}
thE pAssAgE BElow summArizEs thE mAin points oF thE pAssAgE. rEAD thE summAry AnD thEn sElECt thE BEst worD or phrAsE From thE Box Blow, ACCorDing to thE pAssAgE. you shoulD DECiDE on thE BEst ChoiCE AnD mArk thE CorrEsponDing lEttEr on thEAnswEr shEEt with A singlE linE through thE CEntEr.
EvEry morning,AlliE wAkEs up AnD ACCompAniEs hEr FriEnD to thE wAshroom. shE turns on thE light, soAps up A wAshCloth, AnD BEgins ClEAning hEr FriEnD’s FACE. isAniE An ExtrEmEly DEvotED CompAnion yEs!AlliE is A CApuChin monkEy who hElps hEr DisABlED FriEnD pErForm EvEryDAy tAsks.
monkEys likEAlliE ArE just onE oF mAny kinDs oF AnimAls thAt hElp improvE--or EvEn sAvE--humAn livEs.But not All AnimAls ArE suitED to Do EvEry joB、CErtAin AnimAls ArE "hirED" For spECiFiC joBs BAsED on thEir trAits, or ChArACtEristiCs.By using DiFFErEnt mEthoDs oF ConDitioning (trAining AnimAls to ACt in A pArtiCulAr wAy in rEsponsE to A stimulus, or signAl), humAns CAn tEACh AnimAls topEr Form ExtrAorDinAry tAsks.
throughout history, humAns hAvE rEliED on AnimAls’ trAits to gEt CErtAin joBs DonE. For ExAmplE, CompArED with humAns, Dogs ArE "FAr supErior At trACking Down oDors", sAys mAriAnBAilEy, An AnimAl BEhAviorist At hEnDErson stAtE univErsity inArkAnsAs. thAt’s BECAusE Dogs hAvE million oF olFACtory rECEptors, or smEll nErvEs, in thEir nosEs.
For thAt rEAson, huntErs usED Dogs to trACk Down prEy EvEn in AnCiEntEgypt. toDAy, Dogs my BE EmployED to sniFF out illEgAl suBstAnCEs in sChool loCkErs or EArthquAkE viCtims BuriED BEnEAth thE rABBlE oF thE CollApsED BuilDing or highwAy.
primAtEs mAy not BE gooD sinFFErs, But thEy CAn CErtAinly lEnD A hElping hAnD--or two. monkEys ArE pErFECt hElpmAtEs For quADriplEgiCs, pEoplE pArAlyzED From thE nECk Down who ArE unABlE to usE thEir own hAnDs (AnD lEgs). likE humAns, ExplAinsBAilEy monkEys hAvE opposABlE thumBs--thumBs thAt FACE thE hAnD’s othEr FingErs--so monkEys CAn piCk up oBjECts.CApuChins lEArn to opEn Doors, ClEAn up spills, AnD unsCrEw BottlE tops. thEy CAn EvEn gEt A sAnDwiCh out oF thE rEFrigErAtor AnD loAD your FAvoritE tApE into thE vCr.
AnD spEAking oF vCrs, AnimAls ArE EvEn hElping sCiEntists mAkE A viDEotApE. jEnniFEr hurlEy, An AnimAl rEsEArChEr At thE long mArinE lAB in sAntACruz,CAliForniA, is trAining two sEA lions to CArry viDEo CAmErAs on thEir BACks to rECorD thE nAturAl BEhAvior oF whAlEs.
so how Do you gEt An AnimAl EmployEE to Do its joB thE AnswEr, CArEEr-trAining. trAinErs tEACh thE AnimAls to oBEy thEir instruCtions through A proCEss CAllED ConDitioning.
most trAinErs ConDition AnimAls By using positivE rEinForCEmEnt, rEwArDing An AnimAl For Doing somEthing CorrECtly, sAys AnimAl BEhAvioristBAilEy. For ExAmplE, trAinErs tEACh thEir Dogs how to sniFF out Drugs By hiDing A towEl with thE smEll oF DrAgs. "Dogs lovE to rEtriEvE oBjECts so thE towEl BEComEs A rEwArD", sAys morrisBErkowitz, who hEADs up A CAninE Drug-sniFFing progrAm in nEw york.
AFtEr rEpEAting this gAmE oF hiDE-AnD-sEEk mAny timEs, thE Dog BEgins to "AssoCiAtE thE oDor with A rEwArD", sAysBErkowitz. whEn hE givEs thE CommAnD, or stimulus, thE Dog sEEks Cot DrAgs (it’s likE lEArning to stuDy hArD For A tEsts in orDEr to gEt A gooD grADE As A rEwArD、)
At "hElping hAnDs--monkEy hElpErs For thEDisABlED", CApuChin monkEys ArE trAinED twiCE BEForE BEing tEAmED with A DisABlED humAn. First, monkEys ArE plACED with A FostEr FAmily to BEComE soCiAlizED to pEoplE. For FivE yEArs, FAmiliEs hElp thE monkEys ADApt to A humAn EnvironmEnt, so thE monkEys will trust AnD Enjoy BEing ArounD pEoplE.
tAking thE monkEys in whEn thEy’rE Four to six wEEks olD is importAnt, sAysBAilEy. "thAt’s whEn monkEys normAlly BEComE soCiAlizED to othEr monkEys," shE sAys.
sEConD, trAinErs At hElping hAnDs trAin thE monkEys to pErForm spECiFiC tAsks to Assist A pArtiCulAr pErson. For ExAmplE, A mo

【单选题】Ask AnAmEriCAn sChoolChilD whAt hE or shE is lEArning in sChool thEsE DAys AnD you might EvEn gEt A rEply, proviDED you Ask it in spAnish.But Don’t BothEr, hErE’s thE AnswEr.AmEriCAns nowADAys ArE not lEArning Any oF thE things thAt wE lEArnED in our DAy, likE rEADing AnD writing.AppArEntly thEsE ArE ConsiDErED Fusty olD suBjECts, invEntED By whitE mAlEs to opprEss womEn AnD minoritiEs.
whAt ArE thEy lEArning in A vErmont CollEgE town i FounD thE AnswEr sitting in A toy storE Book rACk, nExt to typiCAl kiDs’ Books likE "hEAthEr hAs two mommiEs AnDDADDy is ’DysFunCtionAl’". it’s A tEAChEr’s guiDE CAllED "hAppy toBE mE", suBtitlED "BuilDing sElF-EstEEm". sElF-EstEEm As it turns out, is A Big suBjECt inAmEriCAn ClAssrooms. mAnyAmEriCAn sChools sEE BuilDing it As importAnt As tEAChing rEADing AnD writing. thEy CAll it "wholE lAnguAgE" tEAChing, Borrowing tErminology From thE grAnolA pEoplE to CompEtE in thE EDuCAtion mArkEtplACE.
no onE EvEr spEnt A momEnt BuilDing my sElF-EstEEm whEn i wAs in sChool. in FACt, From thE DAy i First stEppED insiDE A ClAssroom my sElF-EstEEm wAs onE Big DEmolition sitE.All thAt mAttErED wAs "thE suBjECt", BE it gEogrAphy, history, or mAthEmAtiCs. i wAs prAisED whEn i rEmEmBErED thAt "nEAr", "Fit", "FriEnDly", "plEAsing", "likE" AnD thEir oppositEs took thE DAtivE CAsE in lAtin. i wAs rEvilED whEn i Forgot whAt A CosinE wAs gooD For. gEnErAlly, i livED my sChool yEArs BEnEAth A torrEnt oF CAstigAtion so ConsistEnt i EvEntuAlly CEAsED to hEAr it, As pEoplE who livE nEAr thE sEA EvEntuAlly stop hEAring thE wAvEs.
sChools hAvE ChAngED、rEviling is out, For onE thing. morE importAnt, suBjECts hAvE ChAngED、whErEAs i lEArnEDEnglish, moDErn kiDs lEArn somEthing CAllED "lAnguAgE skills". whErEAs i lEArnED writing, moDErn kiDs lEArn somEthing CAllED "CommuniCAtion".CommuniCAtion, thE Book tElls us, is sEvEn pEr CEnt worDs, twEnty thrEE pEr CEnt FACiAl ExprEssion, twEnty pEr CEnt tonE oF voiCE, AnD FiFty pEr CEnt BoDy lAnguAgE. so this Column, with its CArEFully ChosEn worDs, woulD EArn At most A grADE oF sEvEn pEr CEnt. thAt is, iF thE sChool EvEn gAvE out somEthing As opprEssivE AnD DEmAnDing As grADEs.
thE rEsult is thAt, in plACE oFEnglish ClAssEs,AmEriCAn ChilDrEn ArE gEtting A CoursE in "how to win FriEnDs AnD inFluEnCE pEoplE".ConsiDEr thE nEw AttituDE towArD journAl writing: i rEmEmBEr onE high sChoolEnglish ClAss whEn wE wErE rEquirED to kEEp A journAl. thE iDEA wAs to EmulAtE thosE grEAt writErs who ConFiDED in DimEs, sEArChing thEir soul AnD honing thEir CritiCAl thinking on pApEr.
"hAppy toBE mE" stAtEs thAt journAls ArE A grEAt wAy For stuDEnts to gEt in touCh with thEir FEElings. tEll stuDEnts thEy CAn writE onE sEntEnCE or A wholE pAgE. rEAssurE thEm thAt no onE, not EvEn you, will rEAD whAt thEy writE.AFtEr thE unit, hopEFully All stuDEnts will BE FEEling gooD ABout thEmsElvEs AnD will wAnt to shArE somE oF thEir EntriEs with thE ClAss.
thErE wAs A timE whEn no sElF-rEspECting Book ForEnglish tEAChErs woulD usE "grEAt" or "hopEFully" thAt wAy. morEovEr, BACk thEn thE purposE oFEnglish CoursEs (An AntiquE tErm For "unit") wAs not to hElp stuDEnts "FEEl gooD ABout thEmsElvEs". whiCh is gooD, BECAusE All thAt rEviling DiDn’t mAkE mE FEEl pArtiCulArly gooD ABout Anything .
in pArAgrAph 2, "wholE lAnguAgE" tEAChing is in invErtED CommAs BECAusE ______.
A、thE writEr is using DirECt spEECh
B、thE writEr is quEstioning thE EDuCAtion ConCEpt
C．thE worDs quotED hAvE BEEn ExtrACtED From A trAnslAtion
D．thE writEr is quoting From AnothEr sourCE

【单选题】 The Robogat is designed to pump water ______.
A．at a speed of 500 liters a minute
B．almost as fast as an airport tender
C．six times faster than an ordinary fire-engine
D．at a rate of an airport fire tender

【单选题】There is hardly a generalization that can be made about people' s social behavior and the values informing it that cannot be______ from one or another point of view, or even ______as simplistic or vapiD、
A．accepteD、.. praised
B．intuiteD、.. exposed
C．harangueD、.. retracted
D．challengeD、.. dismissed

【单选题】 I am grateful for your ______ invitation, and I'd like to accept your offer with pleasure.
A．delighted
B．innocent
C．gracious
D．prestigious

【单选题】城市道路一条机动车道的小汽车理论通行能力为( )。
A．800辆/h
B．1000辆/h
C．1500辆/h
D．1800辆/h

【单选题】城市道路横断面非机动车道宽度设计中，以下哪一种考虑是必要的( )
A．可以通行的大型机动车
B．考虑最宽的车辆有超车的条件
C．可以沿路停放机动车辆
D．考虑允许机动车逆行

【单选题】 What kind of ______ does the book have Is it hard back or soft back
A．binding
B．mispresenting
C．mislaying
D．basking

【单选题】 I let my children make their own decisions now they are older; I wouldn't ______ to interfere.
A．presume
B．resume
C．assume
D．consume