| 考研每日一练（2015-11-2） |
| 第1题：中共十五大报告强调指出，从现在起到下个世纪的前10年，是我国实现第二步战略目标向第三步战略目标迈进的关键时期。这个时期必须解决好的两大课题是（） A.实现增长方式从粗放型向集约型的根本转变 B.绝大多数国有大中型骨干企业建立起现代企业制度 C.建立起比较完善的社会主义市场经济体制 D.保持国民经济持续快速健康发展 |
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| 第2题：社会是由个人组成的，社会发展离不开人的发展，因此，个人主义是个人发展的动力，也必然是社会发展的动力。 |
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| 第3题：元首制的建立者是（ ）。 A.恺撒 B.屋大维 C.苏拉 D.马略 |
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| 第4题：The BBC, Britain’s mammoth public-service broadcaster, has long been a cause for complaint among its competitors in television, radio and educational and magazine publishers. Newspapers, meanwhile, have been protected from it because they published in a different medium. That’s no longer the case. The internet has brought the BBC and newspapers in direct competition—and the BBC looks like coming off best. The improbable success online of Britain’s lumbering giant of a public service broadcaster is largely down to John Birt, a former director general who “got” the internet before any of the other big men of British media. He launched the corporation’s online operations in 1998, saying that the BBC would be a trusted guide for people bewildered by the variety of online services. The BBC now has 525 sites. It spends ￡15m ($27m) a year on its news website and another ￡51m on others ranging from society and culture to science, nature and entertainment. But behind the websites are the vast newsgathering and programme making resources, including over 5,000 journalists, funded by its annual ￡2.8 billion public subsidy. For this year’s Chelsea Flower Show, for instance, the BBC’s gardening micro site made it possible to zoom around each competing garden, watch an interview with the designer and click on “leaf hotspots” about individual plants. For this year’s election, the news website offered a wealth of easy-to-use statistical detail on constituencies, voting patterns and polls. This week the BBC announced free downloads of several Beethoven symphonies performed by one of its five in-house orchestras. That particularly annoys newspapers, whose online sites sometimes offer free music downloads—but they have to pay the music industry for them. It is the success of the BBC’s news website that most troubles newspapers. Its audience has increased from 1.6m unique weekly users in 2000 to 7.8m in 2005; and its content has a breadth and depth that newspapers struggle to match. Newspapers need to build up their online businesses because their offline businesses are flagging. Total newspaper readership has fallen by about 30% since 1990 and readers are getting older as young people increasingly get their news from other sources—principally the internet. In 1990, 38% of newspaper readers were under 35. By 2002, the figure had dropped to 31%. Just this week, Dominic Lawson, the editor of the Sunday Telegraph, was sacked for failing to stem its decline. Some papers are having some success in building audiences online—the Guardian, which has by far the most successful newspaper site, gets nearly half as many weekly users as the BBC—but the problem is turning them into money. 36. What does “John Birt … ‘got’ the internet before any of the other big men of British media” mean? [A] John Birt was connected to the internet before his competitors. [B] John Birt launched the BBC website before his competitors launched theirs. [C] John Birt understood how the internet could be used by news media before his competitors did. [D] John Birt understood how the internet worked before his competitors did. 37. Why does the text state that the BBC’s success in the field of internet news was “improbable”? [A] Because the BBC is a large organisation. [B] Because the BBC is not a private company. [C] Because the BBC is not a successful media organisation. [D] Because the BBC doesn’t make a profit. 38. The author cites the examples in paragraph 3 in order to demonstrate that [A] the BBC’s websites are innovative and comprehensive. [B] the BBC’s websites are free and wide-ranging. [C] the BBC spends its money well. [D] the BBC uses modern technology. 39. The BBC needn’t to pay the music industry to provide classical music downloads for users of its websites because [A] the BBC is Britain’s state-owned media organisation. [B] the BBC has a special copyright agreement with the big music industry companies. [C] the BBC produces classical music itself. [D] the BBC lets the music industry use its orchestras for free. 40. According to the final paragraph, the main advantage that the BBC has over newspapers is that [A] more people use the BBC website. [B] the BBC doesn’t need to make a profit. [C] the BBC has more competent managers. [D] young people are turning to the internet for news coverage. |
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| 第5题：12.在社会主义初级阶段，我国经济方面的重要特征是（） A.社会生产力水平的多层次性和所有制结构的多样性 B.发挥市场机制作用与加强宏观经济调控相结合 C.以信息化带动工业化，全面推进现代化建设 D.全面建设小康社会，最终实现共同富裕 |
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| 第6、7、8、9、10题： JOSEPH RYKWERT entered his field when post-war modernist architecture was coming under fire for its alienating embodiment of outmoded social ideals. Think of the UN building in New York, the city of Brasilia, the UNESCO building in Paris, the blocks of housing "projects" throughout the world. These tall, uniform boxes are set back from the street, isolated by windswept plazas. They look inward to their own functions, presenting no "face" to the inhabitants of the city, no "place" for social interaction. For Mr. Rykwert, who rejects the functionalist spirit of the Athens Charter of 1933, a manifesto for much post-war building, such facelessness destroys the human meaning of the city. Architectural form should not rigidly follow function, but ought to reflect the needs of the social body it represents. Like other forms of representation, architecture is the embodiment of the decisions that go into its making, not the result of impersonal forces, market or historical. Therefore, says Mr. Rykwert, adapting Joseph de Maistre's dictum that a nation has the government it deserves, our cities have the faces they deserve, In this book, Mr. Rykwert, a noted urban historian of anthropological bent, offers a flaneur's approach to the city's exterior surface rather than an urban history from the conceptual inside out. He does not drive, so his interaction with the city affords him a warts-and-all view with a sensual grasp of what it is to be a "place". His story of urbanization begins, not surprisingly, with the industrial revolution when populations shifted and increased, exacerbating problems of housing and crime. In the 19th century many planning programs and utopias (Ebenezer Howard's garden city and Charles Fourier's “phalansteries" among them) were proposed as remedies. These have left their mark on 20th-century cities, as did Baron Hausmann's boulevards in Paris, Eugene Viollet-le-Duc's and Owen Jones's arguments for historical style, and Adolf Loos's fateful turn-of-the-century call to abolish ornament which, in turn, inspired Le Corbusier's austere modem functionalism. The reader will recognize all these ideas in the surfaces of the cities that hosted them: New York, Paris, London, and Vienna. Cities changed again after the Second World War as populations grew, technology raced and prosperity spread. Like it or not, today's cities are the muddled product, among other things, of speed, greed, outmoded social agendas and ill-suited postmodern aesthetics. Some bemoan the old city's death; others welcome its replacement by the electronically driven "global village". Mr. Rykwert has his worries, to be sure, but he does not see ruin or anomie everywhere. He defends the city as a human and social necessity. In Chandigarh, Canberra and New York he sees overall success; in New Delhi, Paris and Shanghai, large areas of failing. For Mr. Rykwert, a man on foot in the age of speeding virtual, good architecture may still show us a face where flaneurs can read the story of their urban setting in familiar metaphors. 26. An argument made by supporters of functionism is that A. post-war modernist architecture was coming under fire B. UN building in New York blocks the housing projects C. windswept plazas present “face” to the inhabitants of the city D. functionism reflects the needs of the social body 27. According to Mr Rykwert, “dictum” can serve as A. book B. market C. form D. words 28.The word “exacerbating”(line 3, para 4) means A.deteriorating B.inspiring C. encouraging D. surprising 29.According to Mr Rykwert, he A. sees damage here and there B. is absolutely a functionist C. is completely disappointed with the city’s death D. is objectively commenting the city ? 30. The author associates the issue of functionism with post-war modernist architecture because A. they are both Mr Rykwert’s arguments B. it is a comparison to show the importance of post-war modernist architecture C. functionism and post-war modernism architecture are totally contradictory D. Mr Rykwert supports functionism |
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| 第11题：下列历史事件，发生再汉武帝在位时期的有（ ）。 ①确立儒家思想的正统地位 ②建立察举制 ③昭君出塞 ④铸造五铢钱 ⑤西南夷地区并入汉朝版图 A.①②③④ B.②③④⑤ C. ①②④⑤ D.①③④⑤ |
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| 第12题：学校教育与生产劳动相脱离始于（ ） A.原始社会 B.奴隶社会 C.封建社会 D.资本主义社会 |
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| 第13题：学习贯彻“三个代表”思想，要全面把握它的两个特征。这两个特征是（） A.一切从实际出发，与中国实际相结合 B.一切从实际出发，与时代特征相结合 C.与马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论一脉相承 D.在继承前人基础上不断与时俱进 |
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| 第14题：简述促进知识迁移与应用的教学原则 |
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