| 考研考研英语易错题（2015-12-15） |
| 第1题：What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 21 thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 22 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three of four 23 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 24 by psychologists for this “Childhood amnesia” (儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 25 about the age of two. But the most popular theory 26 that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot 27 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 28 –one event follows 29 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 30 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fits the 31 . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English Dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simmons of the New York State University offers a new 32 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 33 any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use 34 spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short–term, quickly 35 impressions of them into long-term memories. In other 36 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 37 ——Mother talking about the afternoon 38 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 39 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 40 memories of their personal experiences. 1. A. listened B. felt C. touched D. heard 2. A. involve B. interpret C. recall D. resolve 3. A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really 4. A. canceled B. figured C. proposed D. witnessed 5. A. until B. once C. after D. since 6. A. magnifies B. intervenes C. contains D. maintains 7. A. reflect B. attain C. access D. refer 8. A. narratives B. forecasts C. regulations D. descriptions 9. A. the rest B. another C. the other D. others 10. A. outputs B. dreams C. flashes D. files 11. A. footstep B. pattern C. frame D. landscape 12. A. emphasis B. arrangement C. explanation D. factor 13. A. aren’t B. weren’t C. isn’t D. wasn’t 14. A. anyone else B. anyone else’s C. some else D. someone else’s 15. A. forgotten B. remembered C. forgetting D. remembering 16. A. senses B. cases C. words D. means 17. A. him B. theirs C. it D. them 18. A. used B. chosen C. taken D. spent 19. A. habitual B. verbal C. pretty D. mutual 20. A. permanent B. conscious C. subordinate D. spiritual Section II Reading Comprehension |
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| 第2题：The BBC, Britain’s mammoth public-service broadcaster, has long been a cause for complaint among its competitors in television, radio and educational and magazine publishers. Newspapers, meanwhile, have been protected from it because they published in a different medium. That’s no longer the case. The internet has brought the BBC and newspapers in direct competition—and the BBC looks like coming off best. The improbable success online of Britain’s lumbering giant of a public service broadcaster is largely down to John Birt, a former director general who “got” the internet before any of the other big men of British media. He launched the corporation’s online operations in 1998, saying that the BBC would be a trusted guide for people bewildered by the variety of online services. The BBC now has 525 sites. It spends ￡15m ($27m) a year on its news website and another ￡51m on others ranging from society and culture to science, nature and entertainment. But behind the websites are the vast newsgathering and programme making resources, including over 5,000 journalists, funded by its annual ￡2.8 billion public subsidy. For this year’s Chelsea Flower Show, for instance, the BBC’s gardening micro site made it possible to zoom around each competing garden, watch an interview with the designer and click on “leaf hotspots” about individual plants. For this year’s election, the news website offered a wealth of easy-to-use statistical detail on constituencies, voting patterns and polls. This week the BBC announced free downloads of several Beethoven symphonies performed by one of its five in-house orchestras. That particularly annoys newspapers, whose online sites sometimes offer free music downloads—but they have to pay the music industry for them. It is the success of the BBC’s news website that most troubles newspapers. Its audience has increased from 1.6m unique weekly users in 2000 to 7.8m in 2005; and its content has a breadth and depth that newspapers struggle to match. Newspapers need to build up their online businesses because their offline businesses are flagging. Total newspaper readership has fallen by about 30% since 1990 and readers are getting older as young people increasingly get their news from other sources—principally the internet. In 1990, 38% of newspaper readers were under 35. By 2002, the figure had dropped to 31%. Just this week, Dominic Lawson, the editor of the Sunday Telegraph, was sacked for failing to stem its decline. Some papers are having some success in building audiences online—the Guardian, which has by far the most successful newspaper site, gets nearly half as many weekly users as the BBC—but the problem is turning them into money. 36. What does “John Birt … ‘got’ the internet before any of the other big men of British media” mean? [A] John Birt was connected to the internet before his competitors. [B] John Birt launched the BBC website before his competitors launched theirs. [C] John Birt understood how the internet could be used by news media before his competitors did. [D] John Birt understood how the internet worked before his competitors did. 37. Why does the text state that the BBC’s success in the field of internet news was “improbable”? [A] Because the BBC is a large organisation. [B] Because the BBC is not a private company. [C] Because the BBC is not a successful media organisation. [D] Because the BBC doesn’t make a profit. 38. The author cites the examples in paragraph 3 in order to demonstrate that [A] the BBC’s websites are innovative and comprehensive. [B] the BBC’s websites are free and wide-ranging. [C] the BBC spends its money well. [D] the BBC uses modern technology. 39. The BBC needn’t to pay the music industry to provide classical music downloads for users of its websites because [A] the BBC is Britain’s state-owned media organisation. [B] the BBC has a special copyright agreement with the big music industry companies. [C] the BBC produces classical music itself. [D] the BBC lets the music industry use its orchestras for free. 40. According to the final paragraph, the main advantage that the BBC has over newspapers is that [A] more people use the BBC website. [B] the BBC doesn’t need to make a profit. [C] the BBC has more competent managers. [D] young people are turning to the internet for news coverage. |
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| 第3题：Americans have always been excessive worshippers of what William James called “the bitch goddess success”. Self-help gurus have topped the bestseller lists since Benjamin Franklin published his autobiography. Americans are much more likely than Europeans to believe that people can get ahead in life so long as they are willing to work hard. And they are much more likely to choose a high-paying job that carries a risk of redundancy than a lower-paid job that guarantees security. But you can’t have winners without losers (or how would you know how well you are doing?). And you can’t broaden opportunity without also broadening the opportunity to fail. For instance, until relatively recently, blacks could not blame themselves for their failure in the “race of life”, in Abraham Lincoln’s phrase, because they were debarred from so many parts of it. Now the barriers are lifted, the picture is more complicated. All of which creates a huge problem: how exactly should a hyper-competitive society deal with its losers? It’s all very well to note that drunkards and slackers get what they deserve. But what about the honest toilers? One way to deal with the problem is to offer people as many second chances as possible. In his intriguing new book “Born Losers: A History of Failure in America”, Scott Sandage argues that the mid-nineteenth century saw a redefinition of failure—from something that had described a lousy business to something that defined a whole life. Yet one of the striking things about America is how valiantly it has resisted the idea that there is any such thing as a born loser. American schools resist streaming their pupils much longer than their European counterparts: the whole point is to fit in rather than stand out. American higher education has numerous points of entry and reentry. And the American legal system has some of the most generous bankruptcy rules in the world. In Europe, a bankrupt is often still a ruined man; in America, he is a risk-taking entrepreneur. American history—not to mention American folklore—is replete with examples of people who tried and tried again until they made a success of their lives. Lincoln was a bankrupt storekeeper. Henry Ford was a serial failure. At 40, Thomas Watson, the architect of IBM, faced prison. America’s past is also full of people who came back from the brink. A second way to deal with losers is to celebrate them. Perhaps in reaction to the relentless boosterism of business life, American popular culture often sympathises with losers. But even in the loser-loving bits of popular culture, the American obsession with success has a habit of winning through. More often than not, born losers turn out to be winners in disguise. 31. According to paragraph 1, why are Americans “much more likely to choose a high-paying job that carries a risk of redundancy than a lower-paid job that guarantees security”? [A] Because they don’t mind taking risks. [B] Because Americans believe in the idea of “no pain, no gain”. [C] Because Americans rely a lot on self瞙elp books written by famous people. [D] Because a having high瞤aying job is how many Americans view success. 32. Paragraph 2 suggests that ________________ [A] America was once a racist country. [B] black Americans now have equal rights. [C] if you give someone the chance to succeed, you also give them the chance to fail. [D] you can know how successful you are by seeing how many people are failing. 33. The “honest toilers” mentioned in paragraph 3 refer to__________________ [A] lazy people and alcoholics. [B] trustworthy workers. [C] people who fail even though they try hard. [D] born losers—people who need lots of second chances in order to succeed. 34. We can learn from paragraph 4____________ [A] that the United States is better than Europe. [B] that American society is designed to give people many opportunities. [C] that the American system is better for children and businessmen. [D] that Scott Sandage’s book is largely irrelevant to modern American society. 35. According to paragraph 5, which of these is NOT an example of why Americans might like losers? [A] They often succeed in the end. [B] Losers often have legal problems. [C] There is sometimes a dislike of people who enthusiastically promote business. [D] Some very famous Americans were once losers. |
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| 第4题：Text 1 St. Paul didn’t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “ mischievious” and “ hard to get rid of it,” but Oscar Wilder said, “ Gossip is charming.” “ History is merely gossip,” he wrote in one of his famous plays. “ But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.” In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is “ an intrinsically valuable activity,” philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn’t come through ordinary channels, such as: “ What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?” Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze’ev says. It is “ a kind of sharing” that also “ satisfies the tribal need---namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group.” What’s more, the professor notes, “ Gossip is enjoyable.” Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue”, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “ It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,” he writes. Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if ( as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “ Live so that you wouldn’t be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip.” (500 words ) 21. Persons’ remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to ____. [ A ] show the general disapproval of gossip [ B ] introduce the topic of gossip [ C ] examine gossip from a historical perspective [ D ] prove the real value of gossip 22. By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding” (Para. 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev means gossip ____. [ A ] is a valuable source of social information [ B ] produces a joy that most people in society need [ C ] brings people the feel of being part of a group [ D ] satisfies people’s need of being unusual 23. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? [ A ] everyone involved will not benefit from gossip [ B ] philosophers may hold different attitudes toward gossip [ C ] Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous [ D ] people are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip 24. We learn from the last paragraph that ____. [ A ] gossipers will surely become gossipees someday [ B ] Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipee [ C ] Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping [ D ] an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual 25. The author’s attitude toward “ gossip” can be best described as ____. [ A ] neutral [ B ] positive [ C ] negative [ D ] indifferent |
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| 第5题：From Southeast Asia to the Black Sea, fishing nets have become deathtraps for thousands of whales, dolphins and porpoises—species whose survival will be threatened unless fishing methods change. The World Wildlife Fund, a U.S. based environmental group, lists species threatened by accidental catch, and recommends low cost steps to reduce their entanglement in fishing gear. (41) . Dolphins in the Philippines, India and Thailand are urgent priorities. Threatened populations include Irrawaddy dolphins in Malampyaya Sound off the Philippines’ Palawan island, about 220 miles south of Manila. Only 77 remain. Dolphins also face the threat of traders who sell them to aquariums, especially in Asia. (42) . The WWF report said up to 3,000 Spinner dolphins may be caught each year in gillnets, which stretch from the sea floor to the surface and are hard for dolphins to see or detect with their sonar. (43). Dolphins are also under threat in Indonesia, Myanmar, India’s Chilka Lake and Thailand’s Songkhla Lake. Fishing gear kills thousands of porpoises each year in the Black Sea. Atlantic humpback dolphins face the same fate off the coasts of Ghana and Togo in Africa, as do Franciscana dolphins in Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil. Indo Pacific humpback and bottlenose dolphins often die in nets off the south coast of Zanzibar. (44) .U.S. fisheries in 1993 2003 introduced changes that reduced by a third the number of dolphins accidentally killed by fishing, or bycatch. But few other countries have followed that example and in much of the rest of the world, progress on bycatch mitigation has been slow to nonexistent. (45). Slight modifications in fishing gear can mean the difference between life and death for dolphins. |
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| 第6题：In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes. 4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics. Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a “dance” that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an allpurpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unit as a family. The motheroffspring tie is beyond 19;there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is “brotherbrother” and “sistersister”. 1AassumedBadoptedCbelievedDsurmised 2AconsiderateBconsideratedCconsiderableDconsidering 3AstatuesBstatusesCstatutesDstatures 4AWhats moreBHenceCButDHowever 5AnotBonlyCbutDsolely 6AclarifiesBclassifiesCdefinesDoutlines 7AthanBbeforeCwhenDafter 8AonBwithCinDwithin 9AappropriatedBsubstitutedCassignedDdistributed 10AvariedBdeviatedCdifferedDaltered 11AfashionedBmodifiedCinfluencedDaffected 12AmayBshouldCmustDcan 13AbyBout ofCfromDthrough 14AproveBmakeCturnDcreate 15AotherwiseBstillCyetDeven 16AoneBsoleCsingleDonly 17AlookedBattendedCcaredDprovided 18AguideBcauseCdirectDlead 19AlimitationBimaginationCdoubtDexpectation 20AadviseBhintCimplyDsuggest |
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| 第7题：Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5～8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost onethird of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About onefourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana. The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day. The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances. Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use. 26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was . A alcoholB marijuanaC cigarettesD cocaine 27. The survey participants were . A randomly selected United States citizens B randomly selected New York City citizens C randomly selected Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade Center D randomly selected American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack 28. The author is trying to show that . A use of substances may vary from time to time B abuse of certain substances is harmful for health C the attack of september 11th has left incurable harm to peoples mental health D terrorist attack increase anxiety and sense of insecurity among residents 29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11? A People who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have PTSD. B People who were living closer to World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking. C Displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were consistently associated with increased substance use. D Symptoms of panic attach were unrelated with increased use of substances. 30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected. B Gender and race do not have much effect on the amount of substance abuse. C Age and marital status do not make any difference on substance abuse. D Income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age. |
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| 第8题：The current French bestseller lists are wonderfully eclectique. In 1 , there is everything 2 blockbuster thrillers to Catherine Millet's "La vie sexuelle de Catherine M.", a novel which has been 3 praised as high art and 4 as upmarket porn. Then there are novels 5 the sticky questions of good and 6 ("Le demon et mademoiselle Prym") and faith versus science in the modern world ("L'apparition"). Philosophical 7 continue in the non-fiction list, 8 this week by Michel Onfray's "Antimanuel de philosophie", a witty take 9 some of philosophy's perennial debates. Those who like their big issues in small chunks are also enjoying Frederic Beigbeder's "Dernier inventaire avant liquidation", a survey of France's 10 20th-century books, 11 with Mr Beigbeder's 12 humour from the title on ("The 50 books of the century chosen by you and critiqued by me"). In Britain, meanwhile, there is olive oil all over the non- fiction list. It's a staple 13 for Nigella Lawson, a domestic divinity and celebrity 14 , whose latest 15 of recipes tops the list. Annie Hawes, in second 16 , took herself 17 to the sun- drenched hills of Italy to grow her own olives and write a book about them-as did Carol Drinkwater, just 18 the border in France. Fiction-wise, it's business as 19 , with the requisite holiday mix of thrillers, romance, fantasy-and Harry Potter, with "The Goblet of Fire" still burning 20 at number three. 1. A. literature B. narrative C. story D. fiction 2. A. on B. from C. about D. of 3. A. both B. equally C. rather D. together 4. A. approved B. admired C. derided D. scolded 5. A .attempting B, dealing C. tackling D. talking 6. A. .evil B. sin C. wickedness D. bad 7. A. topics B. ideas C. arguments D. themes 8.A. topped B. covered C. overdone D. surpassed 9. A. of B. by C. at D. on 10. A good B. favourite C. favorable D. satisfying 11. A. dealt B. handled C. touched D. managed 12.A. brand B. trademark C. marked D. obvious 13. A. ingredient B. constitution C. part D. factor 14.A. writer B. novelist C. chef D. journalist 15.A. set B. anthology C. collection D. album 16. A. rank B. place C. point D. status 17.A. up B. on C. off D. in 18. A. above B. around C. about D. across 19. A. usual B. usually C. common D. commonly 20. A. bright B. intense C. dazzling D. brilliant |
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| 第9题：Economists often like to speak of Homo economicus—rational economic man. In practice, human economic behaviour is not quite as rational as the relentless logic of theoretical economics suggests it ought to be. When buying things in a straight exchange of money for goods, people often respond to changes in price in exactly the way that theoretical economics predicts. But when faced with an exchange whose outcome is predictable only on average, most people prefer to avoid the risk of making a loss than to take the chance of making a gain in circumstances when the average expected outcome of the two actions would be the same. There has been a lot of discussion about this discrepancy in the economic literature—in particular, about whether it is the product of cultural experience or is a reflection of a deeper biological phenomenon. So Keith Chen, of the Yale School of Management, and his colleagues decided to investigate its evolutionary past. They reasoned that if they could find similar behaviour in another species of primate (none of which has yet invented a cash economy) this would suggest that loss aversion evolved in a common ancestor. They chose the capuchin monkey, Cebus apella, a South American species often used for behavioral experiments. First, the researchers had to introduce their monkeys to the idea of a cash economy. They did this by giving them small metal discs while showing them food. The monkeys quickly learned that humans valued these inedible discs so much that they were willing to trade them for scrumptious pieces of apple, grapes and jelly. Preliminary experiments established the amount of apple that was valued as much as either a grape or a cube of jelly, and set the price accordingly, at one disc per food item. The monkeys were then given 12 discs and allowed to trade them one at a time for whichever foodstuff they preferred. Once the price had been established, though, it was changed. The size of the apple portions was doubled, effectively halving the price of apple. At the same time, the number of discs a monkey was given to spend fell from 12 to nine. The result was that apple consumption went up in exactly the way that price theory (as applied to humans) would predict. Indeed, averaged over the course of ten sessions it was within 1% of the theory’s prediction. One up to Cebus economicus. The experimenters then began to test their animals’ risk aversion. They did this by offering them three different trading regimes in succession. Each required choosing between the wares of two experimental “salesmen”. In the first regime one salesman offered one piece of apple for a disc, while the other offered two. However, half the time the second salesman only handed over one piece. Despite this deception, the monkeys quickly worked out that the second salesman offered the better overall deal, and came to prefer him. 21. The capuchin monkey was chosen for the experiments because____________ [A] it is from South America. [B] it doesn’t understand the concept of money. [C] it is often used in behavioral experiments. [D] it is cute and friendly. 22. How were the monkeys introduced to the idea of a cash economy? [A] They were told that metal discs could be traded for food. [B] They were given metal discs if they gave the researchers food. [C] They were shown the different values of three different kinds of food. [D] They were given some discs which researchers would exchange for food. 23. The researchers reduce the “cost” of apples in order to_________________ [A] see if the monkeys would “buy” more apples, as humans would. [B] see if the monkeys understood the idea of a cash economy. [C] see if the monkeys preferred apples or another kind of food. [D] see what the monkeys would buy with only nine metal discs. 24. The first trading regime mentioned in the final paragraph revealed that ___________ [A] monkeys don’t mind being deceived. [B] monkeys like to take risks. [C] monkeys don’t really understand the concept of a cash economy. [D] monkeys will “buy” from a deceptive person if they offer a better deal. 25. What is the next paragraph likely to cover? [A] A comparison of the way the monkeys behaved and real economic behaviour. [B] A second trading regime. [C] An explanation of the monkeys’ behaviour. [D] A conclusion on how this might affect theoretical economics. |
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| 第10题：Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 . Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “whitecollar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. 1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation 2. A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby 3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. his 4. A. its B. his C. our D. their 5. A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever 6. A. make B. fit C. take D. leave 7. A. job B. way C. means D. company 8. A. to B. for C. without D. with 9. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot 10. A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity 11. A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn 12. A. our B. its C. your D. their 13. A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding 14. A. preference B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions 15. A. a B. any C. no D. the 16. A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover 17. A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude 18. A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal 19. A. towards B. against C. out of D. without 20. A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risks Section ⅡReading Comprehension |
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