| 考研考研英语易错题（2016-1-5） |
| 第1题：Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve 4 position. The “one perfect job” does not exist. Young people should 5 enter into a broad flexible training program that will 6 them for a field of work rather than for a single 7 . Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 8 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 9 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 10 . Some drift from job to job. Others 11 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted. One common mistake is choosing an occupation for 12 real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school students—or their parents for them—choose the professional field, 13 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 14 . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “whitecollar” job is 15 good reason for choosing it as life’s work. 16 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the 17 of young people should give serious 18 to these fields. Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 19 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take 20 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards. 1. A. identification B. entertainment C. accommodation D. occupation 2. A. however B. therefore C. though D. thereby 3. A. entirely B. mainly C. partly D. his 4. A. its B. his C. our D. their 5. A. since B. therefore C. furthermore D. forever 6. A. make B. fit C. take D. leave 7. A. job B. way C. means D. company 8. A. to B. for C. without D. with 9. A. little B. few C. much D. a lot 10. A. chance B. basis C. purpose D. opportunity 11. A. apply B. appeal C. stick D. turn 12. A. our B. its C. your D. their 13. A. concerning B. following C. considering D. disregarding 14. A. preference B. requirements C. tendencies D. ambitions 15. A. a B. any C. no D. the 16. A. Therefore B. However C. Nevertheless D. Moreover 17. A. majority B. mass C. minority D. multitude 18. A. proposal B. suggestion C. consideration D. appraisal 19. A. towards B. against C. out of D. without 20. A. turns B. parts C. choices D. risks Section ⅡReading Comprehension |
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| 第2题： For all his vaunted talents, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has never had much of a reputation as an economic forecaster. In fact, he shies away from making the precise-to-the-decimal-point predictions that many other economists thrive on. Instead, he owes his success as a monetary policymaker to his ability to sniff out threats to the economy and manipulate interest rates to dampen the dangers he perceives. Now, those instincts are being put to the test. Many Fed watchers—and some policymakers inside the central bank itself—are beginning to wonder whether Greenspan has lost his touch. Despite rising risks to the economy from a swooning stock market and soaring oil prices that could hamper growth, the Greenspan-led Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) opted to leave interest rates unchanged on Sept.24. But in a rare dissent, two of the Fed’s 12 policymakers broke ranks and voted for a cut in rates—Dallas Fed President Robert D. McTeer Jr. and central bank Governor Edward M.Gramlich. The move by McTeer, the Fed’s self-styled “Lonesome Dove”, was no surprise. But Gramlich’s was. This was the first time that the monetary moderate had voted against the chairman since joining the Fed’s board in 1997. And it was the first public dissent by a governor since 1995. Despite the split vote, it’s too soon to count the maestro of monetary policy out. Greenspan had good reasons for not cutting interest rates now. And by acknowledging in the statement issued after the meeting that the economy does indeed face risks, Greenspan left the door wide open to a rate reduction in the future. Indeed, former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley thinks chances are good that the central bank might even cut rates before its next scheduled meeting on Nov.6, the day after congressional elections. So why didn’t the traditionally risk-averse Greenspan cut rates now as insurance against the dangers dogging growth? For one thing, he still thinks the economy is in recovery mode. Consumer demand remains buoyant and has even been turbocharged recently by a new wave of mortgage refinancing. Economists reckon that homeowners will extract some $100 billion in cash from their houses in the second half of this year. And despite all the corporate gloom, business spending has shown signs of picking up, though not anywhere near as strongly as the Fed would like. Does that mean that further rate cuts are off the table? Hardly. Watch for Greenspan to try to time any rate reductions to when they’ll have the most psychological pop on business and investor confidence. That’s surely no easy feat, but it’s one that Greenspan has shown himself capable of more than once in the past. Don’t be surprised if he surprises everyone again. 21. Alan Greenspan owes his reputation much to . A. his successful predictions of economy B. his timely handling of interest rates C. his unusual economic policies D. his unique sense of dangers 22. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. instincts most often misguide the monetary policies B. Greenspan has lost his control of the central bank C. consensus is often the case among Fed’s policymakers D. Greenspan wouldnt tolerate such a dissent 23. Gramley’s remarks are mentioned to indicate that . A. Greenspan didnt rule out the possibility of a future rate reduction B. Greenspan’s monetary policy may turn out to be a failure C. Greenspan’s refusal to cut rates now was justified D. Greenspan will definitely cut the rates before Nov.6 24. From the fifth paragraph, we can learn that . A. economy is now well on its way to recovery B. economists are uncertain about consumer demand C. corporate performance is generally not encouraging D. businesses have been investing the way the Fed hoped 25. The author seems to regard Greenspan’s manipulation of interest rates with . A. disapproval B. doubt C. approval D. admiration |
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| 第3题： The U.S. may so far have enjoyed good luck in escaping a direct SARS hit, but officials aren’t leaving anything to chance. The best hope for averting a SARS epidemic at home will be to keep SARS out at the nation’s borders. Federal immigration laws authorize immigration authorities to exclude non-citizens who are determined to have a “communicable disease of public health significance”. Immigration law also authorizes the President by proclamation to suspend the entry of any group of aliens whose entry he deems to be detrimental to the interests of the United States. This little-used power could be deployed to exclude all aliens from affected areas, a policy Taiwan has recently implemented. Under the Public Health Service Act, any individual (citizens included) may be quarantined at an international port of entry if they are reasonably believed to be carrying a designated communicable disease. As of an April 4 Executive Order by President Bush, SARS is now a designated disease. Thus, in tandem with airline screening, federal health authorities are carefully monitoring travelers from affected areas in Asia for SARS symptoms. With an estimated 25,000 individuals entering the country legally from Asia on a daily basis, that is a tall order. A single SARS- infected person getting through the net could bring down the border strategy. The U.S. government might also frontend the border strategy through restrictions on travel by American citizens to affected areas. In a series of Cold War era decisions, the Supreme Court upheld international travel restrictions for national security reasons, and one can imagine the same rationale applying to a public health emergency. How practical it would be to prohibit—and police—a travel ban to countries such as China is another question. The initial SARS defense, then, hinges on effective border control. But U.S. borders are far from under control. There are an estimated 8～9 million undocumented aliens now in the United States, a figure growing by as many as 500,000 per year. Asia is the largest contributor to undocumented immigration outside the western hemisphere, funneling illegal aliens into the United States through elaborate smuggling networks. SARS could just as easily make serious inroads into the U.S. through this backdoor rather than the front. 26. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that . A. American officials dont see any chance of escaping an immediate SARS hit B. noncitizens with a disease will be quarantined at the international airport C. foreigners with a communicable disease may legally be denied entry into the U.S. D. immigration officers are empowered to keep aliens out of the U.S. 27. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? A. The President rarely declares a rejection of noncitizens from infected areas. B. The U.S. is the only lucky country to have kept safe from a SARS attack. C. The interests of the U.S. are given more legal protection than public health. D. The Public Health Service Act has been brought into effect since April 4. 28. The phrase “a tall order” most probably means . A. an ambitious plan B. a difficult task C. a careful arrangement D. an illegal decision 29. The author would probably agree that . A. a SARS hit could be escaped by means of strict monitoring of international travel B. undocumented immigrants poses a serious threat to national security of U.S. C. illegal aliens come into the U.S. with the help of complicated smuggling networks D. American border strategy may fail to attain its goal of avoiding a SARS epidemic 30. The passage is primarily concerned with . A. the threat of SARS to the national security of U.S. B. the U.S. border strategy against SARS C. the problems in U.S. national security D. the crisis of a public health emergency |
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| 第4题：As the American West enters its fifth year of drought—the longest stretch in 108 years—the region’s cities are instituting sweeping water-usage restrictions and conservation programs. In Aurora, Colo., where the reservoir system is at just 26% capacity and is expected to reach only half of normal levels by summer, planting new trees and shrubs is prohibited, and privately owned pools may not be filled. In the thirsty, growing cities of Southern California, however, simple conservation simply won’t do the trick. This region imports more than 80% of its water from neighboring states. And even though it jealously guards those arrangements, they won’t be enough to compensate for the rapid growth that lies just ahead: San Diego County’s population alone is projected to rise about 29% by 2020, from 2.84 million to 3.67 million. Drastic times call for drastic measures, so state water agencies are turning to desalination, a technology that makes ocean and brackish water drinkable by stripping it of salt and other minerals. California has plans in various stages to build 13 desalination plants along its coastline. The projects will cost billions, but planners say they’ll provide a far more reliable supply for California residents than waiting for Mother Nature to adjust her weather patterns. Since just 3% of water on earth is fresh, this is a step that would have to be taken anyway as the global population grows. “Desalination will create a drought-proof supply of water,” says Bob Yamada, the San Diego Water Authority’s seawater-desalination program manager. He adds that 20 years from now, 10% to 20% of the state’s water could come from the ocean. The American Water Works Assn., a Denverbased nonprofit dedicated to improving drinkingwater quality and supply, predicts that the market for desalination plants and equipment, now just $2 billion, will grow to more than $70 billion over the next two decades. Environmentalists embrace desalination. Studies show that pumping the cooling water and concentrate back into the ocean raises its salinity by less than 1%, which is equivalent to the natural rise and fall. Barry Nelson, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council, says he became a proponent of desalination when a June, 1999, California report demonstrated that it was cheaper than building new dams, which often have a huge environmental impact. Nelson still worries about energy consumption and coastal disruption. But he adds that “desalination is no longer on the lunatic fringe. It has entered the mainstream. That means we look at desalt projects on a case-by-case basis, as we would any other legitimate water policy.” As the technology continues to improve, experts say it’ll fast become a solution not only for municipalities but for hotels and resorts, corporations, and, someday, homeowners. Privately held water-treatment outfit Matrix Water, based in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., is installing a desalination plant that will process 800,000 gallons of water per day for the new Emerald Bay Four Seasons Resort in the Bahamas. And the new U.S. Homeland Security Dept. is investigating ways of using reverse osmosis to protect the nation’s water supply from bioterrorism. 31. Water conservation programs alone wont solve the problem in Southern California because . A. it is confronting an unprecedented drought in 108 years B. private citizens are consuming a lot more water than before C. it imports a large proportion of its water from other states D. population in the cities of this area is always growing fast 32. The third paragraph is written to . A. discuss the cause of the decline of water supply B. introduce a solution to the issue of water shortage C. explain the way in which desalination develops D. exemplify the different ways to solve the problem 33. Barry Nelson became a supporter of desalination owing to its . A. universal support among environmentalists B. contribution to natural resources C. low cost and little damage to environment D. advantage to natural defense 34. Nelson’s attitude towards desalination programs can best be described as one of . A. qualified approval B. unreserved support C. slight indifference D. absolute pessimism 35. The expression “reverse osmosis” most probably refers to . A. costal disruption B. technology C. antiterrorism policies D. desalination |
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| 第5题： We can learn a good deal about the nature of business by comparing it with poker. While both have a large element of chance, in the long run the winner is the man who plays with steady skill. In both games ultimate victory requires intimate knowledge of the rules, insight into the psychology of the other players, self-confidence, a considerable amount of self-discipline, and the ability to respond swiftly and effectively to opportunities provided by chance. No one expects poker to be played on the ethical principles preached in churches. Poker has its special ethics, and here I am not referring to rules against cheating. The man who keeps an ace up his sleeve or who marks the cards is more than unethical; he is a crook, and can be punished as such—kicked out of the game or, in the Old West, shot. In contrast to the cheat, the unethical poker player is one who, while abiding by the letter of the rules, finds ways to put the other players at an unfair disadvantage. Perhaps he bothers them with loud talk. Or he tries to get them drunk. Ethical poker players frown on such tactics. Poker’s own brand of ethics is different from the ethical ideals of civilized human relationships. The game calls for distrust of the other fellow. It ignores the claim of friendship. Cunning deception and concealment of one’s strength and intentions, not kindness and openheartedness, are vital in poker. No one thinks any the worse of poker on that account. And no one should think any the worse of the game of business because its standards of right and wrong differ from the prevailing traditions of morality in our society. That most businessmen are not indifferent to ethics in their private lives, everyone will agree. My point is that in their office lives they cease to be private citizens; they become game players who must be guided by a somewhat different set of ethical standards. The point was forcefully made to me by a Midwestern executive who has given a good deal of thought to the question: “So long as a businessman complies with the laws of the land and avoids telling harmful lies, he is ethical. If the law as written gives a man wide-open chance to make a killing, he would be a fool not to take advantage of it. If he doesn’t, somebody else will. There is no obligation on him to stop and consider who is going to get hurt. If the law says he can do it, that’s all the justification he needs. There is nothing unethical about that. It’s just plain business sense.” I think it is fair to sum up the prevailing attitude of businessmen on ethics as follows: We live in what is probably the most competitive of the world’s civilized societies. Our customs encourage a high degree of aggression in the individual’s striving for success. Business is our main area of competition, and it has been made into a game of strategy. The basic rules of the game have been set by the government, which attempts to detect and punish business frauds. But as long as a company does not break the rules of the game set by law, it has the legal right to shape its strategy without reference to anything but its profits. Decisions in this area are, finally, decisions of strategy, not of ethics. 36. According to the author, one of the common features of poker winners is . A. a quick response to chances B. extensive knowledge of games C. familiarity with the other players D. chancy response strategies 37. In terms of poker’s ethics, the author believes that . A. a player who keeps an ace up his sleeve violates poker’s ethics B. it is unethical for a player not to annoy the other players with noise C. a player who doesn’t observe poker’s special ethics can be punished D. poker has its own type of ethics different than those of social morality 38. The fifth paragraph implies that . A. nothing should prevent a businessman from making big money legally B. every businessman should give considerable thought to business ethics C. law grants businessmen the right to hurt others when necessary D. business sense simply approves anything unethical 39. It can be concluded from the passage that . A. companies may neglect laws when making their strategies B. deceptions in business might be thought of as reasonable strategies C. laws are especially tolerant of businessmen and their actions D. business ethics can be applied to solve moral problems in society 40. The game ethics as described in the passage might apply to which of the following? A. Medicine. B. Sports. C. Diplomacy. D. Finance. |
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| 第6题：In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) A young man left hometown 22 years ago, and turned out to be a poor correspondent. After a while his letters dried up, and for six years the family had hear nothing from him. Then his sister entered his name in the Google search engine on the Web and, as she says, “There he was on a bowling league in Brazil!” Now they’re exchanging catchup letters and photos. Who knew Brazilian bowling leagues had Web sites? Google knew, because Google knows everything, or nearly. 41) . Google started in 1998, when two 26-year-olds, Sergei Brin and Larry Page, set up shop in a tiny office. Today they operate out of a building in Mountain View, Calif., and regional offices all over the world. Google has become the best and most successful search engine. If you need a map of a region, Google will oblige. If you rip the rotator cuff in your shoulder, Google finds drawings that show you how it works. 42) . An epidemiologist or social psychologist studying reactions to a phenomenon like the West Nile virus might well come here often, to learn what people are saying about it. 43) . A story gets on if enough newspapers run it and give it prominence. Every minute, the computers update the page and compile related stories while dropping others. No human editors decide what’s to be emphasized. It sounds ridiculous, but it’s not bad at all. However Google is boastful. It can’t keep itself from telling you how inconceivably fast it is. Ask it for information on Chinese archaeology and it compiles 29,400 links, adding: “search took 0-14 seconds.” 44) . It needs help distinguishing between Francis Bacon, the 20th-century painter, and Francis Bacon, the 17th-century philosopher. Sometimes Google looks a little foolish. 45) . A woman wrote to Randy Cohen, the New York Times ethicist, about a friend who had gone out with a doctor and then Googled him when she got home, discovering that he had been involved in several malpractice suits. Cohen was asked whether this was a decent thing to do. He said it was and that he had done it himself. The woman’s Googling, Gohen said, was benign, just like asking her friends about this fellow. |
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| 第7题：What’s your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you 21 thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom 22 events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three of four 23 retain any specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been 24 by psychologists for this “Childhood amnesia” (儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature 25 about the age of two. But the most popular theory 26 that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot 27 childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or 28 –one event follows 29 as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental 30 for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they don’t find any that fits the 31 . It’s like trying to find a Chinese word in an English Dictionary. Now psychologist Annette Simmons of the New York State University offers a new 32 for childhood amnesia. She argues that there simply 33 any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simms, children need to learn to use 34 spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short–term, quickly 35 impressions of them into long-term memories. In other 36 , children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about 37 ——Mother talking about the afternoon 38 looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this 39 reinforcement, says Dr. Simms, children cannot form 40 memories of their personal experiences. 1. A. listened B. felt C. touched D. heard 2. A. involve B. interpret C. recall D. resolve 3. A. largely B. rarely C. merely D. really 4. A. canceled B. figured C. proposed D. witnessed 5. A. until B. once C. after D. since 6. A. magnifies B. intervenes C. contains D. maintains 7. A. reflect B. attain C. access D. refer 8. A. narratives B. forecasts C. regulations D. descriptions 9. A. the rest B. another C. the other D. others 10. A. outputs B. dreams C. flashes D. files 11. A. footstep B. pattern C. frame D. landscape 12. A. emphasis B. arrangement C. explanation D. factor 13. A. aren’t B. weren’t C. isn’t D. wasn’t 14. A. anyone else B. anyone else’s C. some else D. someone else’s 15. A. forgotten B. remembered C. forgetting D. remembering 16. A. senses B. cases C. words D. means 17. A. him B. theirs C. it D. them 18. A. used B. chosen C. taken D. spent 19. A. habitual B. verbal C. pretty D. mutual 20. A. permanent B. conscious C. subordinate D. spiritual Section II Reading Comprehension |
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| 第8题：Text 1 St. Paul didn’t like it. Moses warned his people against it. Hesiod declared it “ mischievious” and “ hard to get rid of it,” but Oscar Wilder said, “ Gossip is charming.” “ History is merely gossip,” he wrote in one of his famous plays. “ But scandal is gossip made tedious by morality.” In times past, under Jewish law, gossipmongers might be fined or flogged. The Puritans put them in stocks or ducking stools, but no punishment seemed to have the desired effect of preventing gossip, which has continued uninterrupted across the back fences of the centuries. Today, however, the much-maligned human foible is being looked at in a different light. Psychologists, sociologists, philosophers, even evolutionary biologists are concluding that gossip may not be so bad after all. Gossip is “ an intrinsically valuable activity,” philosophy professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev states in a book he has edited, entitled Good Gossip. For one thing, gossip helps us acquire information that we need to know that doesn’t come through ordinary channels, such as: “ What was the real reason so-and-so was fired from the office?” Gossip also is a form of social bonding, Dr. Ben-Ze’ev says. It is “ a kind of sharing” that also “ satisfies the tribal need---namely, the need to belong to and be accepted by a unique group.” What’s more, the professor notes, “ Gossip is enjoyable.” Another gossip groupie, Dr. Ronald De Sousa, a professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, describes gossip basically as a form of indiscretion and a “saintly virtue”, by which he means that the knowledge spread by gossip will usually end up being slightly beneficial. “ It seems likely that a world in which all information were universally available would be preferable to a world where immense power resides in the control of secrets,” he writes. Still, everybody knows that gossip can have its ill effects, especially on the poor wretch being gossiped about. And people should refrain from certain kinds of gossip that might be harmful, even though the ducking stool is long out of fashion. By the way, there is also an interesting strain of gossip called medical gossip, which in its best form, according to researchers Jerry M. Suls and Franklin Goodkin, can motivate people with symptoms of serious illness, but who are unaware of it, to seek medical help. So go ahead and gossip. But remember, if ( as often is the case among gossipers) you should suddenly become one of the gossipees instead, it is best to employ the foolproof defense recommended by Plato, who may have learned the lesson from Socrates, who as you know was the victim of gossip spread that he was corrupting the youth of Athens: When men speak ill of thee, so live that nobody will believe them. Or, as Will Rogers said, “ Live so that you wouldn’t be ashamed to sell the family parrot to the town gossip.” (500 words ) 21. Persons’ remarks are mentioned at the beginning of the text to ____. [ A ] show the general disapproval of gossip [ B ] introduce the topic of gossip [ C ] examine gossip from a historical perspective [ D ] prove the real value of gossip 22. By “Gossip also is a form of social bonding” (Para. 5), Professor Aaron Ben-Ze’ev means gossip ____. [ A ] is a valuable source of social information [ B ] produces a joy that most people in society need [ C ] brings people the feel of being part of a group [ D ] satisfies people’s need of being unusual 23. Which of the following statements is true according to the text? [ A ] everyone involved will not benefit from gossip [ B ] philosophers may hold different attitudes toward gossip [ C ] Dr. Ronald De Sousa regards gossips as perfectly advantageous [ D ] people are generally not conscious of the value of medical gossip 24. We learn from the last paragraph that ____. [ A ] gossipers will surely become gossipees someday [ B ] Socrates was a typical example of a gossiper becoming a gossipee [ C ] Plato escaped being a victim of gossip by no gossiping [ D ] an easy way to confront gossip when subjected to it is to live as usual 25. The author’s attitude toward “ gossip” can be best described as ____. [ A ] neutral [ B ] positive [ C ] negative [ D ] indifferent |
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| 第9题：Text 2 SoBig.F was the more visible of the two recent waves of infection because it propagated itself by e-mail, meaning that victims noticed what was going on. SoBig.F was so effective that it caused substantial disruption even to those protected by anti-virus software. That was because so many copies of the virus spread (some 500,000 computers were infected) that many machines were overwhelmed by messages from their own anti-virus software. On top of that, one common counter-measure backfired, increasing traffic still further. Anti-virus software often bounces a warning back to the sender of an infected e-mail, saying that the e-mail in question cannot be delivered because it contains a virus. SoBig.F was able to spoof this system by “harvesting” e-mail addresses from the hard disks of infected computers. Some of these addresses were then sent infected e-mails that had been doctored to look as though they had come from other harvested addresses. The latter were thus sent warnings, even though their machines may not have been infected. Kevin Haley of Symantec, a firm that makes anti-virus software, thinks that one reason SoBig.F was so much more effective than other viruses that work this way is because it was better at searching hard-drives for addresses. Brian King, of CERT, an internet-security centre at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, notes that, unlike its precursors, SoBig.F was capable of “multi-threading”: it could send multiple e-mails simultaneously, allowing it to dispatch thousands in minutes. Blaster worked by creating a “buffer overrun in the remote procedure call”. In English, that means it attacked a piece of software used by Microsoft's Windows operating system to allow one computer to control another. It did so by causing that software to use too much memory. Most worms work by exploiting weaknesses in an operating system, but whoever wrote Blaster had a particularly refined sense of humour, since the website under attack was the one from which users could obtain a program to fix the very weakness in Windows that the worm itself was exploiting. One way to deal with a wicked worm like Blaster is to design a fairy godmother worm that goes around repairing vulnerable machines automatically. In the case of Blaster someone seems to have tried exactly that with a program called Welchi. However, according to Mr Haley, Welchi has caused almost as many problems as Blaster itself, by overwhelming networks with “pings”—signals that checked for the presence of other computers. Though both of these programs fell short of the apparent objectives of their authors, they still caused damage. For instance, they forced the shutdown of a number of computer networks, including the one used by the New York Times newsroom, and the one organising trains operated by CSX, a freight company on America's east coast. Computer scientists expect that it is only a matter of time before a truly devastating virus is unleashed. 26. SoBig.F damaged computer programs mainly by ____. [A] sending them an overpowering number of messages [B] harvesting the addresses stored in the computers [C] infecting the computers with an invisible virus [D] destroying the anti-virus software of the computers 27. Which of the following best defines the word “ doctored” (line , para. 1) ? [A] falsified [B] cured [C] deceived [D] diagnosed 28. Compared with SoBig.F, Blaster was a virus that was _____. [A] more destructive [B] more humorous [C] less vulnerable [D] less noticeable 29. From the text we learn that Welchi ____. [A] is a wicked worm causing as many damages as Blaster did [B] is a program designed by Haley to detect worms like Blaster [C] is a program intended to fix the infected machines [D] is a worm meant to defeat the virus with “ pings” 30. The tone of the text can best described as _____. [A] optimistic and humorous [B] analytical but concerned [C] passionate but pessimistic [D] scholarly and cautious |
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| 第10题：Text 3 European farm ministers have ended three weeks of negotiations with a deal which they claim represents genuine reform of the common agricultural policy(CAP). Will it be enough to kickstart the Doha world trade negotiations? On the face of it, the deal agreed in the early hours of Thursday June 26th looks promising. Most subsidies linked to specific farm products are, at last, to be broken—the idea is to replace these with a direct payment to farmers, unconnected to particular products. Support prices for several key products, including milk and butter, are to be cut—that should mean European prices eventually falling towards the world market level. Cutting the link between subsidy and production was the main objective of proposals put forward by Mr Fischler, which had formed the starting point for the negotiations. The CAP is hugely unpopular around the world. It subsidises European farmers to such an extent that they can undercut farmers from poor countries, who also face trade barriers that largely exclude them from the potentially lucrative European market. Farm trade is also a key feature of the Doha round of trade talks, launched under the auspices of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in November 2001. Developing countries have lined up alongside a number of industrial countries to demand an end to the massive subsidies Europe pays its farmers. Several Doha deadlines have already been missed because of the EU’s intransigence, and the survival of the talks will be at risk if no progress is made by September, when the world's trade ministers meet in Cancùn, Mexico. But now even the French seem to have gone along with the deal hammered out in Luxembourg. Up to a point, anyway. The package of measures gives the green light for the most eager reformers to move fast to implement the changes within their own countries. But there is an escape clause of sorts for the French and other reform-averse nations. They can delay implementation for up to two years. There is also a suggestion that the reforms might not apply where there is a chance that they would lead to a reduction in land under cultivation. These let-outs are potentially damaging for Europe’s negotiators in the Doha round. They could significantly reduce the cost savings that the reforms might otherwise generate and, in turn, keep European expenditure on farm support unacceptably high by world standards. More generally, the escape clauses could undermine the reforms by encouraging the suspicion that the new package will not deliver the changes that its supporters claim. Close analysis of what is inevitably a very complicated package might confirm the sceptics' fears. 31. The deal agreed on Thursday looks promising in that _____. [A] European farm ministers finally reached a consensus [B] the link between farm products and subsidies is removed [C] farmers would definitely accept the direct payment to them [D] European farm products will reach a lower price level than the world 32. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that ____. [A] farmers from poor countries were put at a disadvantage by CAP [B] the deal will be a key subject of debate in Doha round of trade talks [C] the deal was probably a result of pressure from other countries [D] the world’s trade ministers will resist the new deal reached recently 33. In what case might the escape clauses apply in reform-averse nations ? [A] Farmers lose their interest in farming. [B] Reforms have to be delayed for up to two years. [C] Implementation of the measures goes too eagerly. [D] The measures damage the reformers’ confidence. 34. The new package of measures is inevitably a complicated one due to ____. [A] Europe’s negotiators’ loss of confidence [B] European expenditure on farm support [C] escape clauses for some European countries [D] suspicion of the new package 35. What is the passage mainly about ? [A] a promising new deal [B] Doha world trade negotiations [C] world’s anger against Europe [D] doomed reforms of CAP |
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