| 考研易错题（2016-1-14） |
| 第1题： For all his vaunted talents, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan has never had much of a reputation as an economic forecaster. In fact, he shies away from making the precise-to-the-decimal-point predictions that many other economists thrive on. Instead, he owes his success as a monetary policymaker to his ability to sniff out threats to the economy and manipulate interest rates to dampen the dangers he perceives. Now, those instincts are being put to the test. Many Fed watchers—and some policymakers inside the central bank itself—are beginning to wonder whether Greenspan has lost his touch. Despite rising risks to the economy from a swooning stock market and soaring oil prices that could hamper growth, the Greenspan-led Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) opted to leave interest rates unchanged on Sept.24. But in a rare dissent, two of the Fed’s 12 policymakers broke ranks and voted for a cut in rates—Dallas Fed President Robert D. McTeer Jr. and central bank Governor Edward M.Gramlich. The move by McTeer, the Fed’s self-styled “Lonesome Dove”, was no surprise. But Gramlich’s was. This was the first time that the monetary moderate had voted against the chairman since joining the Fed’s board in 1997. And it was the first public dissent by a governor since 1995. Despite the split vote, it’s too soon to count the maestro of monetary policy out. Greenspan had good reasons for not cutting interest rates now. And by acknowledging in the statement issued after the meeting that the economy does indeed face risks, Greenspan left the door wide open to a rate reduction in the future. Indeed, former Fed Governor Lyle Gramley thinks chances are good that the central bank might even cut rates before its next scheduled meeting on Nov.6, the day after congressional elections. So why didn’t the traditionally risk-averse Greenspan cut rates now as insurance against the dangers dogging growth? For one thing, he still thinks the economy is in recovery mode. Consumer demand remains buoyant and has even been turbocharged recently by a new wave of mortgage refinancing. Economists reckon that homeowners will extract some $100 billion in cash from their houses in the second half of this year. And despite all the corporate gloom, business spending has shown signs of picking up, though not anywhere near as strongly as the Fed would like. Does that mean that further rate cuts are off the table? Hardly. Watch for Greenspan to try to time any rate reductions to when they’ll have the most psychological pop on business and investor confidence. That’s surely no easy feat, but it’s one that Greenspan has shown himself capable of more than once in the past. Don’t be surprised if he surprises everyone again. 21. Alan Greenspan owes his reputation much to . A. his successful predictions of economy B. his timely handling of interest rates C. his unusual economic policies D. his unique sense of dangers 22. It can be inferred from the passage that . A. instincts most often misguide the monetary policies B. Greenspan has lost his control of the central bank C. consensus is often the case among Fed’s policymakers D. Greenspan wouldnt tolerate such a dissent 23. Gramley’s remarks are mentioned to indicate that . A. Greenspan didnt rule out the possibility of a future rate reduction B. Greenspan’s monetary policy may turn out to be a failure C. Greenspan’s refusal to cut rates now was justified D. Greenspan will definitely cut the rates before Nov.6 24. From the fifth paragraph, we can learn that . A. economy is now well on its way to recovery B. economists are uncertain about consumer demand C. corporate performance is generally not encouraging D. businesses have been investing the way the Fed hoped 25. The author seems to regard Greenspan’s manipulation of interest rates with . A. disapproval B. doubt C. approval D. admiration |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第2题：As the American West enters its fifth year of drought—the longest stretch in 108 years—the region’s cities are instituting sweeping water-usage restrictions and conservation programs. In Aurora, Colo., where the reservoir system is at just 26% capacity and is expected to reach only half of normal levels by summer, planting new trees and shrubs is prohibited, and privately owned pools may not be filled. In the thirsty, growing cities of Southern California, however, simple conservation simply won’t do the trick. This region imports more than 80% of its water from neighboring states. And even though it jealously guards those arrangements, they won’t be enough to compensate for the rapid growth that lies just ahead: San Diego County’s population alone is projected to rise about 29% by 2020, from 2.84 million to 3.67 million. Drastic times call for drastic measures, so state water agencies are turning to desalination, a technology that makes ocean and brackish water drinkable by stripping it of salt and other minerals. California has plans in various stages to build 13 desalination plants along its coastline. The projects will cost billions, but planners say they’ll provide a far more reliable supply for California residents than waiting for Mother Nature to adjust her weather patterns. Since just 3% of water on earth is fresh, this is a step that would have to be taken anyway as the global population grows. “Desalination will create a drought-proof supply of water,” says Bob Yamada, the San Diego Water Authority’s seawater-desalination program manager. He adds that 20 years from now, 10% to 20% of the state’s water could come from the ocean. The American Water Works Assn., a Denverbased nonprofit dedicated to improving drinkingwater quality and supply, predicts that the market for desalination plants and equipment, now just $2 billion, will grow to more than $70 billion over the next two decades. Environmentalists embrace desalination. Studies show that pumping the cooling water and concentrate back into the ocean raises its salinity by less than 1%, which is equivalent to the natural rise and fall. Barry Nelson, a senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council, says he became a proponent of desalination when a June, 1999, California report demonstrated that it was cheaper than building new dams, which often have a huge environmental impact. Nelson still worries about energy consumption and coastal disruption. But he adds that “desalination is no longer on the lunatic fringe. It has entered the mainstream. That means we look at desalt projects on a case-by-case basis, as we would any other legitimate water policy.” As the technology continues to improve, experts say it’ll fast become a solution not only for municipalities but for hotels and resorts, corporations, and, someday, homeowners. Privately held water-treatment outfit Matrix Water, based in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., is installing a desalination plant that will process 800,000 gallons of water per day for the new Emerald Bay Four Seasons Resort in the Bahamas. And the new U.S. Homeland Security Dept. is investigating ways of using reverse osmosis to protect the nation’s water supply from bioterrorism. 31. Water conservation programs alone wont solve the problem in Southern California because . A. it is confronting an unprecedented drought in 108 years B. private citizens are consuming a lot more water than before C. it imports a large proportion of its water from other states D. population in the cities of this area is always growing fast 32. The third paragraph is written to . A. discuss the cause of the decline of water supply B. introduce a solution to the issue of water shortage C. explain the way in which desalination develops D. exemplify the different ways to solve the problem 33. Barry Nelson became a supporter of desalination owing to its . A. universal support among environmentalists B. contribution to natural resources C. low cost and little damage to environment D. advantage to natural defense 34. Nelson’s attitude towards desalination programs can best be described as one of . A. qualified approval B. unreserved support C. slight indifference D. absolute pessimism 35. The expression “reverse osmosis” most probably refers to . A. costal disruption B. technology C. antiterrorism policies D. desalination |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第3题：Part A 51. Directions: You have stayed with your friend Cathy for a whole week. Now you are going home. Write a message to her to 1) express your gratitude 2) show your appreciation of the good days you’ve had together 3) say goodbye You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Susan” instead. You do not need to write the address. ( 10 points ) Part B 52. Directions: Assuming that a manager is going to interview some job applicants and one of his friends gives him a piece of advice that the first impression is not a reliable basis for judgment. This manager wants to hear more from others and decides to have a wall newspaper put up for more views on that topic. 1. You are going to write an article to offer your opinion about it. 2.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.( 20 points ) |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第4题：Text 1 New figures from France,Germany and Italy—the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone —suggest the continent’s economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%. With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown. Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe’s largest economy—a key reason for the European Central Bank’s reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists’ expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the Eurowide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year’s spike in oil prices dropping out of the yearonyear calculation. The icing on the cake was news that Italy’s job market has remained buoyant.The country’s July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasigovernmental research group ISAE told of a general pickup in demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country’s biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targets meant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government’s 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy’s government has promised its European Union partners. 21We know from the first paragraph that. Anew figures from the three European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly right BEuropean economy gets on better than forecasters have predicted Call of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reduction Din three European countries the consumer spending continues to rise 22The term“in the doldrums”in Paragraph 2 refers to . Ain the process of rising Bexperiencing a sharp turning Cin the recessionDrising rapidly 23Which of the following statements is true according to the text?. AThe reason for the ECB’s unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in Germany BIn Germany consumer prices were falling CLast year’s oil prices dropping out of the yearonyear calculation directly leads to the drop of inflation DThe European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate 24ln this passage,the word“buoyant” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word. AdepressingBgloomyCactiveDcalm 25lndustrial group Confindustria warned that. Athe attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growth Bthe growth had been well short of the government’s target Cthe budget deficit must be about 1.5% Dthe budget deficit will probably be great different from the country’s promise |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第5题：The BBC, Britain’s mammoth public-service broadcaster, has long been a cause for complaint among its competitors in television, radio and educational and magazine publishers. Newspapers, meanwhile, have been protected from it because they published in a different medium. That’s no longer the case. The internet has brought the BBC and newspapers in direct competition—and the BBC looks like coming off best. The improbable success online of Britain’s lumbering giant of a public service broadcaster is largely down to John Birt, a former director general who “got” the internet before any of the other big men of British media. He launched the corporation’s online operations in 1998, saying that the BBC would be a trusted guide for people bewildered by the variety of online services. The BBC now has 525 sites. It spends ￡15m ($27m) a year on its news website and another ￡51m on others ranging from society and culture to science, nature and entertainment. But behind the websites are the vast newsgathering and programme making resources, including over 5,000 journalists, funded by its annual ￡2.8 billion public subsidy. For this year’s Chelsea Flower Show, for instance, the BBC’s gardening micro site made it possible to zoom around each competing garden, watch an interview with the designer and click on “leaf hotspots” about individual plants. For this year’s election, the news website offered a wealth of easy-to-use statistical detail on constituencies, voting patterns and polls. This week the BBC announced free downloads of several Beethoven symphonies performed by one of its five in-house orchestras. That particularly annoys newspapers, whose online sites sometimes offer free music downloads—but they have to pay the music industry for them. It is the success of the BBC’s news website that most troubles newspapers. Its audience has increased from 1.6m unique weekly users in 2000 to 7.8m in 2005; and its content has a breadth and depth that newspapers struggle to match. Newspapers need to build up their online businesses because their offline businesses are flagging. Total newspaper readership has fallen by about 30% since 1990 and readers are getting older as young people increasingly get their news from other sources—principally the internet. In 1990, 38% of newspaper readers were under 35. By 2002, the figure had dropped to 31%. Just this week, Dominic Lawson, the editor of the Sunday Telegraph, was sacked for failing to stem its decline. Some papers are having some success in building audiences online—the Guardian, which has by far the most successful newspaper site, gets nearly half as many weekly users as the BBC—but the problem is turning them into money. 36. What does “John Birt … ‘got’ the internet before any of the other big men of British media” mean? [A] John Birt was connected to the internet before his competitors. [B] John Birt launched the BBC website before his competitors launched theirs. [C] John Birt understood how the internet could be used by news media before his competitors did. [D] John Birt understood how the internet worked before his competitors did. 37. Why does the text state that the BBC’s success in the field of internet news was “improbable”? [A] Because the BBC is a large organisation. [B] Because the BBC is not a private company. [C] Because the BBC is not a successful media organisation. [D] Because the BBC doesn’t make a profit. 38. The author cites the examples in paragraph 3 in order to demonstrate that [A] the BBC’s websites are innovative and comprehensive. [B] the BBC’s websites are free and wide-ranging. [C] the BBC spends its money well. [D] the BBC uses modern technology. 39. The BBC needn’t to pay the music industry to provide classical music downloads for users of its websites because [A] the BBC is Britain’s state-owned media organisation. [B] the BBC has a special copyright agreement with the big music industry companies. [C] the BBC produces classical music itself. [D] the BBC lets the music industry use its orchestras for free. 40. According to the final paragraph, the main advantage that the BBC has over newspapers is that [A] more people use the BBC website. [B] the BBC doesn’t need to make a profit. [C] the BBC has more competent managers. [D] young people are turning to the internet for news coverage. |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第6题：The current French bestseller lists are wonderfully eclectique. In 1 , there is everything 2 blockbuster thrillers to Catherine Millet's "La vie sexuelle de Catherine M.", a novel which has been 3 praised as high art and 4 as upmarket porn. Then there are novels 5 the sticky questions of good and 6 ("Le demon et mademoiselle Prym") and faith versus science in the modern world ("L'apparition"). Philosophical 7 continue in the non-fiction list, 8 this week by Michel Onfray's "Antimanuel de philosophie", a witty take 9 some of philosophy's perennial debates. Those who like their big issues in small chunks are also enjoying Frederic Beigbeder's "Dernier inventaire avant liquidation", a survey of France's 10 20th-century books, 11 with Mr Beigbeder's 12 humour from the title on ("The 50 books of the century chosen by you and critiqued by me"). In Britain, meanwhile, there is olive oil all over the non- fiction list. It's a staple 13 for Nigella Lawson, a domestic divinity and celebrity 14 , whose latest 15 of recipes tops the list. Annie Hawes, in second 16 , took herself 17 to the sun- drenched hills of Italy to grow her own olives and write a book about them-as did Carol Drinkwater, just 18 the border in France. Fiction-wise, it's business as 19 , with the requisite holiday mix of thrillers, romance, fantasy-and Harry Potter, with "The Goblet of Fire" still burning 20 at number three. 1. A. literature B. narrative C. story D. fiction 2. A. on B. from C. about D. of 3. A. both B. equally C. rather D. together 4. A. approved B. admired C. derided D. scolded 5. A .attempting B, dealing C. tackling D. talking 6. A. .evil B. sin C. wickedness D. bad 7. A. topics B. ideas C. arguments D. themes 8.A. topped B. covered C. overdone D. surpassed 9. A. of B. by C. at D. on 10. A good B. favourite C. favorable D. satisfying 11. A. dealt B. handled C. touched D. managed 12.A. brand B. trademark C. marked D. obvious 13. A. ingredient B. constitution C. part D. factor 14.A. writer B. novelist C. chef D. journalist 15.A. set B. anthology C. collection D. album 16. A. rank B. place C. point D. status 17.A. up B. on C. off D. in 18. A. above B. around C. about D. across 19. A. usual B. usually C. common D. commonly 20. A. bright B. intense C. dazzling D. brilliant |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第7题：2003年12月15日至16日，中非合作论坛第二届部长级会议在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴举行，来自中国和40多个非洲国家的政府代表团出席了会议。会议通过了（） A.《中非合作论坛第二届部长级会议声明》B.《中非合作论坛宣言》 C.《中非合作论坛声明》 D.《中非合作论坛—亚的斯亚贝巴行动计划(2004至2006年)》 |
| 【单选题】： |
| 第8题：人类自身生产和物质资料生产的关系是（） A.人类自身生产是物质资料生产的前提，人口越少，物质资料生产发展越快 B.人既是消费者又是生产者，只要生产多于消费就能促进生产发展 C.人类自身生产和物质资料生产互为条件，存在着一定的比例关系 D.物质资料生产是人类自身生产的基础，人类自身生产受物质资料生产制约 |
| 【多选题】： |
| 第9题：中国共产党在十六大报告中明确阐述了人类文明是由物质文明、精神文明和政治文明有机构成的统一体，三个文明互为条件、相互作用、相互促进、缺一不可。这说明（） A.认识随着实践的发展而发展 B.事物的联系具有普遍性 C.整体和部分不可分割 D.感性认识有待于上升为理性认识 |
| 【多选题】： |
| 第10题：坚持党的领导的根本原则是（） A.坚持党对国家大政方针和全局工作的政治领导 B.坚持党对军队和其他人民民主专政的国家机器的绝对领导 C.坚持党管干部的原则 D.坚持党对意识形态领域的领导 |
| 【多选题】： |