考研每日一练（2018/12/29）

第1题： 正常情况下，近端小管的重吸收率 A．不随重吸收物质的不同而异 B．不受肾小球滤过率的影响 C．随肾小球滤过率增加而增加 D．随肾小球滤过率增加而减少

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第2题：羚角钩藤汤的功用除有凉肝熄风外，还有 A．清热生津 B．滋阴养血 C．增液舒筋 D．滋阴潜阳

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第3题：

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第4题：

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第5题：

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第6题：The celebration of the New Year is the oldest one of all holidays. It was first (1) in (2) Babylon about 4,000 years ago. New Year’sDay is an (3) national holiday, and banks and offices will be closeD、Many families have New year’sDay (4) . Traditionally, it was thought that it could (5) the luck they would have (6) the coming year by (7) they did or ate on the first day of the year. For that reason, it has become common for (8) to celebrate the first few minutes of a (9) new year in the (10) with the family and friends. Parties often last into the middle of the night after the ringing of a new year. It was once believed that the first visitor on New Year’sDay would bring (11) good luck or bad luck to the rest of the year. It was particularly lucky if that visitor (12) to be a tall dark-haired man. Traditional New Year’s (13) are also thought to bring luck. People in many parts of the US celebrate the New Year by (14) black-eyed peas and cabbage.Black-eyed peas have been considered good luck in many cultures.Cabbage leaves are considered a (15) of prosperity, being (16) of paper currency. Other traditions of the season include the making of New Year’s resolutions. That tradition also (17) back to the earlyBabylonians. Popular modern resolutions might include the (18) to lose weight or quit smoking. The song, "Auld Lang Syne", is sung at the (19) of midnight in almost everyEnglish-speaking country in the world to bring in the New Year. "Auld Lang Syne" literally (20) "yearning for the old days.\ A、which B、means C、when D、what

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

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第8题：Among the many other things it is, a portrait is always a record of the personal and artistic encounter that produced it. It is possible for artists to produce portraits of individuals who have not sat for them, but the portrait that finally emerges normally betrays the restrictions under which the artist has been forced to labor.Even when an artist’’s portrait is simply a copy of someone else’’s work-as in the many portraits of QueenElizabeth I that were produced during her lifetime-the never-changing features of a ruler who refused to sit for her court painters reflect not only the supposed powers of an ever-youthful queen but the remoteness of those attempting to depict her as well.　　Portraits are "occasional" not only in the sense that they are closely tied to particular events in the lives of their subjects but in the sense that there is usually an occasion-however brief, uncomfortable, artificial, or unsatisfactory it may prove to be-in which the artist and subject directly confront each other;and thus the encounter a portrait records is most really the sitting itself. The sitting may be brief or extended, collegial or confrontational.Cartier-Bresson has expressed his passion for portrait photography by characterizing it as "a duel without rules". WhileCartier-Bresson reveals himself as an interloper and opportunist, RichardAvedon confesses to a role as diagnostician and psychic healer: not as someone who necessarily transforms his subjects, but as someone who reveals their essential nature.Both photographers appear to agree on one basis, however, which is that the fundamental dynamic in this process lies squarely in the hands of the artist.　　 A、quite-different example has its roots not in confrontation or consultation but in active collaboration between the artist and sitter. This very different kind of relationship was formulated most vividly by William Hazlitt in his essay entitled "On Sitting for One’’s Picture". To Hazlitt, the "bond of connection" between painter and sitter is most like the relationship between two lovers: "They are always thinking and talking of the same thing, in which their self love finds an equal counterpart." Hazlitt flashes out his thesis by recounting particular episodes from the career of Sir Joshua Reynolds.According to Hazlitt, Reynolds’’ sitters, accompanied by their friends, were meant to enjoy an atmosphere that was both comfortable for them and conductive to the enterprise of the portrait painter, who was simultaneously their host and their contractual employee. In the case of artists like Reynolds, no fundamental difference exists between the artist’’s studio and all those other rooms in which the sitters spin out the days of their lives. The act of entering Reynolds’’ studio did not necessarily transform those who sat for him.Collaboration in portraiture such as Reynolds’’ is based on the sitter’’s comfort and security as well as on his or her desire to experiment with something new, and it is in this "creation of another self", as Hazlitt put it, that the painter’’s subjects may properly see themselves for the first time.The author quotesCartier-Bresson in order to A、refuteAvedon’’s conception about a portrait sitting. B、provide one perspective of the portraiture encounter. C．exemplify time restriction of the sitting for portraiture. D．support the thesis on the uncertainty of a collegial sitting

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：The Theory ofContinentalDrift has had a long and turbulent history since it was first proposed byAlfred Wegener in 1910. (46)Vigorously challenged yet widely ignored, the theory had languished for half a century, primarily due to its lack of a plausible mechanism to support the proposed drift. With the discovery of sea-floor spreading in the late 1950’s and early 60’s, the idea was reinvigorate D、Plate tectonics is now almost universally accepte D、Many details of the mechanism are to be worked out. The surface of theEarth is divided into approximately six large plates, plus a number of smaller ones. The plates are bounded by an interconnected network of ridges, transform faults, and trenches. Ridges, also called spreading centers, occur where two plates are moving away from each other.As the plates separate, hot molten mantle material flows up to fill the voi D、(47) The increased heat resulting from this flow reduces the density of the plates, causing them to float higher, thus elevating the boundaries by many thousands of feet above the colder surrounding sea floor. (48) Ridges on the ocean floor form the longest continuous ranges of mountains on the planet, but only in a very few places on theEarth do these mountains rise above the ocean surface. New sea floor is constantly being created along spreading centers. Obviously somewhere else old sea floor must be going away. This occurs in trenches, also called subduction zones. Trenches occur along the boundary between two plates that are moving towards each other. (49) Where this occurs, one plate is bent downwards at about a 40o angle and plunges under the other plate’s leading edge, eventually to melt back into the liquid mantle below.As the suhducting plate is heated back up to mantle temperatures, certain minerals in the plate melt sooner than others. (50) Minerals that melt at lower temperatures and are lighter than the surrounding material tend to rise, melting their way up through the overriding plate to erupt as volcanoes on the ocean floor.As these volcanoes grow, they rise above the ocean surface to form lines of islands along the leading edge of the overriding plate. Numerous islands of Micronesia and Melanesia in the western Pacific were created in this way.

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