考研习题练习

考研每日一练（2019/1/9）

第1题：In the last half of the nineteenth century "capital" and "labour" were enlarging and perfecting their rival organizations on modem lines. Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. It was moreover a step away from individual initiative, towards collectivism and municipal and state-owned business. The railway companies, though still private business managed for the benefit of shareholders, were very unlike old family business.At the same time the great municipalities went into business to supply lighting, trams and other services to the taxpayers.　　The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.All through the nineteenth century,America,Africa, India,Australia and parts ofEurope were being developed byBritish capital, andBritish shareholders were thus enriched by the world’’s movement towards industrialisation. Towns likeBournemouth andEastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders’’ meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand "shareholding" meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.　　The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labour was not gooD、The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away. Indeed the mere size of operations and the numbers of workmen involved rendered such personal relations impossible. Fortunately, however, the increasing power and organization of the trade unions, at least in all skilled trades, enabled the workmen to meet on equal terms the managers of the companies who employed them. The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the two parties to respect each other’’s strength and understand the value of fair negotiation.The growth of limited liability companies resulted in_________________.
A、the separation of capital from management

B、the ownership of capital by managers
C．the emergence of capital and labour as two classes
D．the participation of shareholders in municipal business

【单选题】： A B C D

第2题：发病缓慢，足跗先肿，渐及全身，按之凹陷，面色萎黄，神疲肢冷，脘闷腹胀，纳差便溏，小便少，舌淡脉沉，属水肿之型
A．脾阳不运
B．肺脾气虚
C．湿邪困脾
D．肾阳虚衰

【单选题】： A B C D

第3题：磷脂酰肌醇4，5二磷酸经磷脂酶C作用后的产物是
A．磷脂酸和二磷酸肌醇
B．溶血磷脂酰肌醇和脂肪酸
C．甘油二酯和三磷酸肌醇
D．磷酸甘油、脂肪酸及二磷酸肌醇

【单选题】： A B C D

第4题：部门劳动生产率不变，如果个别企业的劳动生产率提高，那么该部门生产的单位商品的价值量则
A．越大
B．越小
C．不变
D．变化方向不定

【单选题】： A B C D

第5题：