考研习题练习

Why did officials expect the swine flu to erupt as soon as schools open rather than in October or NovemberA．There will be sufficient swine flu vaccines then.
B．The swine flu is still circulating.
C．The cold weather then will hinder their work.
D．People will be plunged into panic by then.
【单选题】： A     B     C     D  

第6题：If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work-force skills,American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible cost—much as one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate hierarchy. In anAmerican firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in commanD、The post of head of human resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up toChiefExecutive OfficerCEO).By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after theCEO, in the firm’s hierarchy. WhileAmerican firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in fact they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees.And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies. As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. IfAmerican workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employeD、The result is a slower pace of technological change.And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’ t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear. Compared withAmerican firms, Germany ones______. A、spend the vast amounts on training their work force B．invest more in the skills of their employees thanAmerican firms C．are concentrated more on professional and managerial employees D．focus more on the specific skills necessary to do the next job

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第7题：目前认为乳腺癌最有效的查出方法是 A．体检 B．红外线 C．B超 D．钼钯摄片 E．磁共振

【单选题】： A     B     C     D     E

第8题：Digital photography is still new enough that mast of us have yet to form an opinion about it, much less (1) a point of view.But this hasn’t stopped many film and computer fans from agreeing (2) the early (3) wisdom about digital cameras -- they’re neat (4) for your PC, but they’re not suitable for everyday picture-taking. The fans are wrong: more than anything else, digital cameras are radically (5) what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography as we know (6) is beginning to seem out of (7) with the way we live. In our computer and camcorder culture, saving pictures (8) digital files and watching them on TV is no less (9) -- and in many ways more (10) -- than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (11) . Paper is also terribly (12) . Pictures that are incorrectly framed, focused, or lighted are nonetheless (13) to film and ultimately processed into prints. The digital medium changes the (14) . Still images that are (15) digitally can immediately be shown on a computer monitor, TV screen, or a small liquid-crystal display (LCD、built right into the camerA、And since the points of light that (16) an image are saved as a series of digital bits in (17) memory, (18) being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted on-line. What’s it like to (19) with one of these digital cameras It’s a little like a first date -- exciting, confusing and fraught with (20) . A．auxiliaries B．components C．hardwares D．apparatus

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第9题：The U.S. SupremeCourt’s decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions in other Internet cases, legal experts sai D、 By opting not to take the case, the high court effectively endorsed a lower court’s decision that aColorado company that posts ratings of health plans on the Internet could be sued for defamation in a Washington court. The lower court ruling is one of several that makes it easier for plaintiffs to sue Web site operators in their own jurisdictions, rather than where the operators maintain a physical presence. The case involved a defamation suit filed byChehalis, Wash.-based Northwest HealthcareAlliance against Lakewood,Colo.-based Healthgrades. com TheAlliance sued in Washington federal court after Healthgrades. com posted a negative ranking of Northwest Healthcare’s home health services on the Internet. Healthgrades. com argued that it should not be subject to the jurisdiction of a court in Washington because its publishing operation is inColorado. Observers said the fact that the SupremeCourt opted not to hear the case only clouds the legal situation for Web site operators. Geoff Stewart, a partner at JonesDay in Washington, D、C、, said that the SupremeCourt eventually must act on the issue, as Internet sites that rate everything from automobile dealerships to credit offers could scale back their offerings to avoid lawsuits originating numerous jurisdictions. Online publishers also might have to worry about being dragged into lawsuits in foreign courts, saidDow Lohnes &Albertson attorney Jon Hart, who has represented the Online NewsAssociation. "The much more difficult problems for U. S. media companies arise when claims are brought in foreign countries over content published in the United States," Hart sai D、 Hart cited a recent case in which anAustralian court ruled thatDow Jones must appear in a Victoria,Australia court to defend its publication of an article on the U. S.--based Walt Street Journal Web site. According to Hart, the potential chilling effect of those sorts of jurisdictional decisions is substantial. "I have not yet seen publishers holding back on what they otherwise publish because they’re afraid they’re going to get sued in another country, but that doesn’t mean it won’t happen if we see a rash of U. S. libel cases against U. S. media companies being brought in foreign countries," he sai D、 Until the high court decides to weigh in directly on this issue, Web site operators that offer information and services to users located outside of their home states must deal with a thorny legal landscape, said John Morgan, a partner at PerkinsCoie LLP and an expert in Internet law. Geoff Steward maintains that the SupremeCourt’s decision will make Internet companies A、more liable to make negative ratings. B、more dubious about jurisdictions. C、more encouraged to launch defamations. D、more cautious in their offerings.

【单选题】： A     B     C     D

第10题：有一钢筋混凝土偏心受压柱，采用不对称配筋。截面尺寸为b×h=400mm×600mm，构件计算长度为ι0=4m，承受轴心压力设计值N=5000kN，弯矩设计值M=54kN·m。混凝土强度等级为C30(fc=14.3N/mm2，ft=1.43N/mm2)，纵向受力钢筋用HRB400(fy=f’y=360N/mm2)，箍筋用HPB235。 已知：ξb=0.518，α1=1.0，η=1.2，一侧最小配筋率0.2%，ea=20ram，as=a’s=40mm。 要求：(1) 试问该柱是否需要考虑反向破坏 (2) 确定受拉钢筋As的值。

【分析题】：